M3 语法知识回顾1--情态动词.pptVIP

情态动词 Can表示能力，允许或可能性。 表可能性： Who can it be? Attending a ball can be exciting. She can’t be at home now because I saw her in the cinema just now. Could为can的过去式，语气更委婉，可能性更小。 特别注意：can’t be…, can’t be doing, can’t / couldn’t have done… May 表示许可或可能。Might的语气更委婉，可能性更小。 注意： may / might have done sth 也许/ 可能做了某事 The old lady may / might have given her a lot of help. 注意：may…as well Since you don’t want to go to the party, you may stay at home as well. Must表示必须要做的事或者推测，“肯定，必定”。 注意： 对现在发生的事情的肯定推测：must do / be…, must be doing… 对过去发生的事情的肯定推测：must have done … 填空，变成反意疑问句： I must finish the homework today, _________? She must be at home, __________? She must have finished the paper, _________? She must have finished the paper last week, _________? Need表示需要，既可以作为情态动词，也可以作为实意动词。作为情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中, 一般不会出现need do sth. 可用needn’t do sth或need to do sth. 特别注意： needn’t have done sth. 本不必做某事 You needn’t have hurried to the airport because the flight was delayed. 做实意动词时，need to be done = need doing Your bike needs repairing. = Your bike needs to be repaired. 类似的实意动词还有：require, want 等。 Dare表示“敢于”，既可以作为情态动词，也可以作为实意动词。常见形式有： 情态动词：dare / dared (not) do sth, 实意动词：dare to do sth / don’t dare (to) do sth 特别注意：dare 作为实意动词时，在疑问句和否定句中，不定式的“ to”可以省略。 Eg. We didn’t dare (to) tell him that he had failed again. Shall用来征求对方意见, 可用于第一或第三人称: Shall we start the meeting now? Shall he come to take part in the activity? Shall用于陈述句中，表示允许、警告、命令、决心、强制等，可用于各种人称。 Don’t worry. You shall get our reply tomorrow. He shall be sorry for what he has done today. Candidates shall sit still until the teachers collect all the papers. The order came that all the soldiers shall be prepared for a battle. Should表示“应该”，可表示推测。 常理性推测：The photos should be ready tomorrow. / It’s 7 o’clock now. Tom should be here at any time. 特别注意： should (not) have done sth. 本(不)应该做某事 = ought (not) to have done sth. We should have taken a taxi when it rained. 表示惊讶，不理解的语气, “竟然”。 You should have done such a thing. Should 还是shall的过去式。 Will可以用于表示将来时态