加缪与西西弗斯.ppt

The Absurd  1, What is the absurd? Which prolem starts the absurd and why? 2, How to enact to the absurd?-Sisyphuss enaction as model What is the absurd and Why the problem of suicide lead to the absurd? The absurd---A recognition that the universe is without intrinsic meaning and hence all human endeavor is ultimately, viewed from this perpsective, pointless. Faced with this, what values can we have that can make life worth living? How to enact to the absurd--Sisyphuss enaction Camus suggests that we take the following three steps we could grasp the truth about life yet would not become too desperate to commit suicide or leap to religion 1, Awaken 2, Accept 3, Revolt/Rebel Step one: Awaken--Being conscious of the absurd Tragic Moment in The Myth of Sisyphus---It is tragic only at the rare moments when it becomes conscious. Sisyphus, proletarian of the gods...know the whole extent of his wretched condition. Nothing seems to be scarier than working for no results and always starting over again, apparently with no aim. This is tragic because Sisyphus realized the futility of all his work---no matter how hard he pushed the stone, the stone would tumble down again. Step two: Accept--Stay with the absurd In Camuss reconstruction of The Myth, Sisyphus realized the absurd when he watches the stone rush down in a few moments towards the lower world. Then during his way descending from the mountain and returning to the rock, he would decide wether to continue or not. As the story goes, sisyphus accepted the fact and convinced of the wholely human origin of all that is human, a blind man eager to see who knows the night has no end, he is stll on the go. Just as human beings accept their fate that they are threw into this world without any predesign of God, and as blind man accept the fate he can never see again, Sisyphus accept the situation of the absurd and decide to live with it. Step Three: Revolt/Rebel--Live withou appeal, yet live