基于wsn的窨井实时巡检技术的分析-analysis of real-time inspection technology of manhole based on wsn.docxVIP

摘要随着社会、经济的快速发展，市政公共基础建设力度的不断加大，城市排水管网涉及的 区域越来越广，分布于城市道路上的窨井盖也越来越多，排水公司的日常维护检修都是通过 窨井进行的。但是由于长期受到车辆重压、地基沉降等原因，窨井盖经常会被破坏或是被盗， 给行人和过往车辆带来巨大的交通隐患，变成马路杀手。特别是在雨水较多的季节，由于排 水管网的排溃能力有限，每当下暴雨时，排水管网的水位急速上升，出现溢流等现象，造成 城市内涝，带来巨大的经济损失。窨井盖缺失及城市排水管网溢流带来的不良影响已经成为 困扰市政建设的巨大难题。本文针对日趋严重的窨井盖缺失损坏现象及排水管网溢流问题， 提出一种基于无线传感网络(WSN)窨井实时巡检系统，该系统不仅能够检测窨井盖的缺失、 移位状况，还能监视排水管网的水位。本论文构建了适应城市排水管网的无线传感网络体系，结合 GPRS 网络技术及传感器检 测技术，实现了对窨井及排水管网的有效监控，极大的提高了窨井盖缺失或是排水管网溢流 后处理及时率，防止意外发生。论文在深入研究窨井盖移位检测技术的基础上，设计了一种 新型的基于磁阻效应的非接触式移位检测传感器，实现了对窨井盖移位状况的监测；针对排 水管网水位检测的难题，设计了基于超声波测距原理的的城市排水管网水位检测传感器，实 现排水管网水位状态的实时监测。提出了一种基于 433MHz 和 2.4GHz 的混合无线传感网络 体系，有效解决了窨井和路面上中继器、窨井和窨井之间的通讯问题，通过 GPRS 网络把数 据传递到监控中心。设计了窨井盖移位检测和排水管网水位检测装置，开发了中继器节点、 网关节点，构建了系统试验平台，并进行了实际道路的实验。实验表明系统能够实现对窨井 盖移位及排水管网水位的实时检测，具有通讯可靠、功耗低、安装方便等优点。关键字：无线传感网络、窨井盖缺失监测、水位监测、GPRS、太阳能供电ABSTRACTAs the rapid development of societ and economy, municipal department pays more attention to increase the public infrastructure, the network of the city drainage pipe system is increasing so widely that the mount of manhole cover located in city road becomes more and more, drainage company daily maintenance is carried out through the manhole. However, due to the long-term foundation settlement, vehic weight and other reasons, the manhole covers can often be destroyed or lost, bringing huge traffic hazards for pedestrians and passing vehicles. Especially in the rainy seasons, as the limited capacity of drainage pipe network, once the heavy rainstorm happens, the overflow of the drainage network becomes more serious, even jacks up the manhole cover. The bad effects of manhole cover loss and city drainage overflow become a huge problems plagued the municipal building. This paper aims at the problem of manhole cover loss damage and drainage network overflow, proposes a real-time inspection system based on wireless sensor network (WSN) system, the system can not only detect manhole cover loss, position shifting, but alsobe able to monitor the water level in the drainage network.Thi