基于不同出行行为的城市道路拥挤收费问题研究-study on congestion pricing of urban roads based on different travel behaviors.docxVIP
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基于不同出行行为的城市道路拥挤收费问题研究-study on congestion pricing of urban roads based on different travel behaviors
优秀毕业论文
精品参考文献资料
中文摘要
摘要:随着私人小汽车需求量和拥有量的迅速增长,单纯依靠扩建交通运输设施 已经无法满足日益增长的交通需求,而交通需求管理技术在调节用户的出行行 为、缓解拥挤方面发挥了重要的作用,例如鼓励选择公共交通出行、限号出行、 拥挤收费等措施。其中,拥挤收费能够改变用户出行的成本,这不仅诱导更多的 用户选择公共交通,还能改变用户的路径选择行为和出发时间安排。为了更有效 地利用供给资源,结合出行者的选择行为及拥挤收费问题,本文主要进行了如下 研究。
(1)考虑两种路径选择方式的城市交通拥挤收费政策研究。本文分析了两 种路径选择方式,一种是基于用户平衡条件的路径选择方式,而另一种是基于路 径距离最短的路径选择方式。在固定需求下,考虑这两种出行路径选择方式,本 文分析了不同拥挤收费政策,包括无拥挤收费政策、最优拥挤收费政策和次优拥 挤收费政策,并分析了两种用户类型所占比例不同时对系统总出行时间的影响。
(2)考虑路段拥挤度的城市交通拥挤收费政策研究。本文建立了一个压力 均衡模型,即基于路段拥挤度,以路网中各个路段的拥挤度均衡分布为目标,通 过收费调节出行者的路径选择行为,使他们选择不拥挤的路段,最终达到路网中 各个路段的拥挤程度相等或者相近。最后,利用一个算例进行了验证分析。
(3)考虑双模式选择的拥挤收费和公交补贴问题研究。用户出行首先要选 择使用的交通工具,文中重点考虑了私家车和公交车两种主要的交通模式。从政 府的角度出发,以最小化系统用户和公交企业的总成本为目标,以私家车拥挤收 费及公交补贴为背景,考虑了在 Logit 随机用户均衡条件下的出行方式选择问 题。拥挤收费不但可以用来调节出行者的出行成本,而且其所收取的费用还会补 贴公交企业,使公交企业不至于亏损。 关键词:出行行为;路径选择;路段拥挤度;方式选择;拥挤收费;公交补贴 分类号:U491
北京交通大学硕士学位论文
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: With the development of technology and the continuous improvement of people’s living standard, the demand for private car ownership is growing rapidly. But urban road construction is relatively slow. The traffic management and control system is imperfect. All these deficiencies lead to a lot of roads (especially bottleneck roads) congested. Travelers are the major creators and victims of urban traffic congestion. The network traffic conditions have an influence in their choice of travel mode, travel time and path of the road. And their choices in turn have a direct impact on the entire road network traffic conditions. To get effectively travel experience, every travels need to face the decision problem. In order to utilize the supply of resources more effectively, we should consider the travelers’ choice behavior and related management strategies. This thesis mainly carried out the following work:
Study on the urban congestion charging policy by considering two route-choices.
Users’ information about the road network is different. Some of them choose the path of least resistance in the network and their impedance of the paths equal, which
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