Chapter cognition 语言学概论 知识介绍.pptVIP

* * Chapter SixLanguage and Cognition 1. What is Cognition? Mental processes, information processing Mental process or faculty of knowing, including awareness（意识）, perception （直觉）, reasoning （推理）, and judgment （判断）. The formal approach: structural patterns, including the study of morphological, syntactic, and lexical structure. The psychological approach: language from the view of general systems ranging from perception, memory, attention, and reasoning. The conceptual approach: how language structures (processes patterns) conceptual content. 2. Psycholinguistics Psychological aspects of language. Psychological states and mental activity with the use of language. Language acquisition, language production comprehension. Structural linguistics Cognitive psychology Anthropology Neurosciences Related fields Two-word stage: around 18m Child utterance Mature speaker Purpose Want cookie I want a cookie Request More milk I want some more milk Request Joe see I (Joe) see you Informing My cup This is my cup Warning Mommy chair This chair belongs to M Warning Big boy I am a big boy Bragging Red car That car is red Naming That car That is a car Naming Child utterance Mature speaker Purpose No sleep I don’t want to go to sleep Refusal Not tired I am not tired Refusal Where doll? Where is the doll? Question Truck table The truck is on the table Informing Daddy run Daddy is running Informing Joe push I (Joe) pushed (the cat) Informing Push cat I pushed the car Informing Give candy Give me the candy Request Three-word-utterance stage Give doggie paper. Put truck window. Tractor go floor. Fluent grammatical conversation stage Embed one constituent inside another: Give doggie paper. ? Give big doggie paper. Use more function words: missing function words and inflection in the beginning but good use (90%) by the age of 3, with a full range of sentence types. All parts of all language are acquired before the child turns four. Factors involved in word recognition: Frequency eff