SHORT DIPOLE ANTENNAS 《天线与电波传播》课件知识介绍.pptVIP

2018-5-19 1 3.3 SHORT DIPOLE ANTENNAS At the lower frequencies where the wavelength is large, space limitations often do not permit the use of a dipole antenna a full half-wavelength long. As a consequence the radiation resistance is reduced considerably, and some means must be employed to turn out the large capacitive reactance. The latter is usually accomplished by means of one or more inductors connected in series with the antenna. The additional losses in these tuning coils reduce the antenna efficiency and gain. A simple tuning arrangement is shown in Fig. 3.6. Fig. 3.6. 2018-5-19 2 Just to the left of the coils the input impedance is This impedance is transformed to the following value at the input: The input impedance will vanish when the numerator in the above expression vanishes; thus 2018-5-19 3 Voltage Standing Wave and Current Standing Wave 2018-5-19 4 We will now use the transmission line equations given in App. II to find the voltage and current standing waves on the left-hand section we can write 2018-5-19 5 2018-5-19 8 Multi-band dipole antennas are sometime constructed from long dipole structures with parallel-tuned resonant circuits located at suitable points along the antenna in order to make it function as a shorter antenna at a given high frequency and yet function as a longer dipole antenna at a given lower frequency. One structure of this type is shown in Fig. 3.11. 2018-5-19 9 3.4 MONOPOLE ANTENNAS A monopole antenna consists of one-half of a dipole antenna mounted above the earth or a ground plane. It is normally one-quarter wavelength long, except where space restrictions or other factors dictate a shorter length. The vertical monopole antenna is used extensively for commercial broadcasting in the AM band (500 to 1500kHz), in part because it is the shortest efficient antenna to use at these long wavelengths (200 to 600m) and because vertical polarization suffers less propagation loss than horizontal polarization does at thes