维生素A和脂肪沉积--分子营养学.pptVIP

http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/get_pathway?org_name=komapno=03320 Effect of the PPAR on the adipocyte FFA: Free Fat Acid as the ligand of PPAR CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein (C/EBP) C/EBPs are a family of transcription factors which interact with the CCAAT (cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine) box motif which is present in several gene promoters to promote the expression of certain proteins. C/EBPs are found in many tissues that markedly in hepatocyte and adipocyte, which are involved in different cellular responses like in the control of cellular proliferation, growth and differentiation, metabolism, immunology and many others. C/EBPs have 6 subtypes : α, β, γ, δ,ε,ζ * Signaling pathway of C/EBPs Expression Preadipocyte Adipocyte C/EBPα C/EBPβ,δ differentiation maturation Early adipocyte Mesodermal Progenier cell determination Hormone or Growth factor Effect of C/EBPs on adipogenesis C/EBP α, β, δplay the important role for adipogenesis C/EBP δ C/EBP δ Effect PPAR γ and C/EBP on adipogeneis (aP2, GLUT4, Adipsin, FAS et al) aP2: Adipocyte Protein 2 GLUT4 : Glucose transporter 4 FAS : Fatty acid synthase Adipsin : adipocyte differentiation-dependent serine protease Marker of Adipogenic differentiation * * * * * * Villin2 Fig. 2. Hedgehog, Wingless and Int (Wnt)/β-catenin, bone morphogenesis proteins (BMPs) and adipogenesis. C/EBPα: CAAT/enhancer binding protein α; COUP-TFII: chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II; GATA2: GATA binding protein 2; Shn: Schnurri protein; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Testosterone inhibits adipogenesis partly by stimulating interactions between androgen receptor and b-catenin. This complex travels to the nucleus to promote b-catenin-mediated gene transcription. 肌肉间脂肪沉积等级判定—韩国 1++ 等级 3等级 Retinoid roundup. The biosynthetic pathway for generating all-trans retinoic acid involves two oxidation steps, the first leading to the generation of all-trans retinaldehyde. The rate