(日本东北大学固体物理学教材)Electronic Property of Solids.pptVIP

R Saito ４．Electronic Property of Solids Metals, semiconductors and semimetals Physical properties of free electrons （bulk modulus , electronic specific heat , spin magnetic susceptibility） B1SM2020 Y Ominato One orbital per a unit cell?One energy band two electrons per one energy band（per unit cell） occupied from lower energy in order top of the occupied band?valence band Valence band is occupied by electrons one electron?Metals two electrons?Insulator band-gap Eg 5eV Insulator thermal excitation ? exp（－E/kBT) photo excitation ?photoelectric current Metals, Semiconductors, Insulators Metals Insulator Answer the temperature and wavelength for 1eV. Semimetals , a periodic table , an element The periodic table Semimetals One electron in S orbital ?alkali metal One electron in P orbital?metals Two electrons in S orbital ?alkali earth metal Electron band Hole band Upper band is occupied, too ?effective mass What is effective mass？ ４t band width is small ?heavy fermion Effective mass is negative?hole Effective mass ？ Effective mass of two dimensional band Mass in the x direction Mass in the y direction Effective mass tensor Effective mass（２） Density of states Define per unit volume Density of states for free electrons Estimate of the Fermi energy one electron per one atom volume per one atom? One, two-dimensional Free electrons icosahedral cluster Estimate of Fermi energy Alkali metal：calculate Fermi energy of Ｋ Volume per one atom? Density of states at the Fermi energy one-dimensional free electrons the Fermi energy of potassium per unit volume density atomic weight the Avogadro number Pressure of Free electrons Total energy Pressure for condensed matter　p the first law of thermodynamics S=const（adiabatic）, N=const Bulk modulus: B hardness?bulk modulus: B Origin of hardness of metals contribution from free electrons contribution from lattice The shorter lattice constant, the larger Δk and EF　 repulsion between atoms Alkal