(普通生物学）10_Early history of genetics知识介绍.pptVIP

Hawkweed Leading botanist: Carl N?geli N?geli was working on hawkweed N?geli convinced Mendel to do further hybridization experiments with this plant. 山柳菊 Hawkweed /wiki/File:Yellow_Hawkweed.jpg Pollination 授粉 /buyers/stockphoto.asp?imageid=2024614 Hawkweed crossing /flower/narrow-leaf-hawkweed Trouble with hawkweed 2011 Apomixis (单性生殖）in hawkweed: Mendel’s experimental nemesis （天罚） Anna M. G. Koltunow*, Susan D. Johnson and Takashi Okada, Journal of Experimental Botany Many form seeds asexually by apomixis. The progeny retain a maternal genotype. Hawkweed flower 5 joined petals 花瓣，花冠 Stigma 柱头 Style 花柱 5 joined anthers 花药 sepals 萼片 (reduced to hairs) Ovary 子房 single flower (floret) Trouble with Hawkweed Mendel was unable to prove his laws of inheritance in hawkweed. N?geli: Mendels results must be incorrect. Mendel ceased his experiments in 1870 1900： Re-discover Mendel A student of N?geli knew some of Mendels hawkweed experiments from N?geli. N?geli, however, never talked about Mendels key pea plant results “ G. Mendels Law Concerning the Behavior of the Progeny of Racial Hybrids “ Carl Erich Correns? (1864 - 1933)? German Botanist Gene Many plants different characters have different hereditary carriers. inheritance of specific traits in organisms comes in particles. He called these units?pangenes, a term 20 years later to be shortened to?genes?by?Wilhelm Johannsen. rediscovering the laws of heredity in the 1890s while unaware of?Gregor Mendels work introducing the term mutation Hugo Marie de Vries (1848 – 1935) Dutch Botanist Genotype and phenotype pure lines?of the self-fertile?bean. Even in?populations?homozygous?for all traits, i.e. without genetic variation, seed size followed a?normal distribution. resource provision to the mother plant and to the position of seeds in?pods?and of pods on the plant. This led him to coin the terms?phenotype?and?genotype. Wilhelm Johannsen? (1857 –1927)? Danish Botanist 1900： Re-disc