Chapter 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 有机化学英文版（美国达拉斯社区学院） 《Organic Chemistry 5th Edition (L.G. Wade JR.)》教材课程.pptVIP

Chapter 13 Range of Magnetic Coupling Equivalent protons do not split each other. Protons bonded to the same carbon will split each other only if they are not equivalent. Protons on adjacent carbons normally will couple. Protons separated by four or more bonds will not couple.  = Splitting for Ethyl Groups = Splitting for Isopropyl Groups = Coupling Constants Distance between the peaks of multiplet Measured in Hz Not dependent on strength of the external field Multiplets with the same coupling constants may come from adjacent groups of protons that split each other.  = Values for Coupling Constants = Complex Splitting Signals may be split by adjacent protons, different from each other, with different coupling constants. Example: Ha of styrene which is split by an adjacent H trans to it (J = 17 Hz) and an adjacent H cis to it (J = 11 Hz).  = Splitting Tree = Spectrum for Styrene = Stereochemical Nonequivalence Usually, two protons on the same C are equivalent and do not split each other. If the replacement of each of the protons of a -CH2 group with an imaginary “Z” gives stereoisomers, then the protons are non-equivalent and will split each other.  = * Chapter 13Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Jo Blackburn Richland College, Dallas, TX Dallas County Community College District ? 2003, Prentice Hall Organic Chemistry, 5th EditionL. G. Wade, Jr. Introduction NMR is the most powerful tool available for organic structure determination. It is used to study a wide variety of nuclei: 1H 13C 15N 19F 31P  = Nuclear Spin A nucleus with an odd atomic number or an odd mass number has a nuclear spin. The spinning charged nucleus generates a m