Chapter 2-11Fluid Mechanics 天大化工原理上册英文版教材.pptVIP

SECTION IIFluid Mechanics ;Concept on fluid mechanics ;Fluid statics 流体静力学fluid at rest which treats fluids in the equilibrium state of no shear stress.;Content of this section;Chapter 2 treats fluid statics and some of its important applications. Chapter 3 discusses the important phenomena appearing in flowing fluids. Chapter 4 deals with the basic quantitative laws and equations of fluid flow. Chapter 5 treats the flow of incompressible fluids through pipes. Chap. 6 discusses the flow of compressible fluids. Chap. 7 describes flow past solids immersed in the flowing fluid. ;Content;2.1. NATURE OF FLUIDS ;1. Flowability (流动性);２. Density;Usually ρsolidρliquidρgas;incompressible fluid 不可压缩流体 the density changes only slightly with moderate changes in temperature and pressure.;Source of density data：handbook, Appendix 6;Gas mixture ;3. Pressure;Unit of pressure: SI unit: Pa (N/m2) ;Three kinds of pressure:;Gauge pressure = absolute pressure – atmospheric pressure;2.2. HYDROSTATIC EQUILIBRIUM ;1. Equation of hydrostatic equilibrium;If forces acting upward are taken as positive and those acting downward as negative, the equation of forces acting in vertical direction is;for incompressible fluids ;24;2. Barometric equation;Or ;2.3. APPLICATIONS OF FLUID STATICS;1 Manometers (液压计);(2.9) ;Example 2.1. A manometer of the type shown in Fig. 2.3 is used to measure the pressure drop across an orifice (see Fig. 8.18). Liquid A is mercury (density 13,590 kg/m3) and fluid B, flowing through the orifice and filling the manometer leads, is brine (density 1,260 kg/m3). When the pressures at the taps are equal, the level of the mercury in the manometer is 0.9 m below the orifice taps. ;orifice (Flash 1-11);Fig. 8.18 Orifice meter ;Solution. Call atmospheric pressure zero; then the numerical data for substitution in Eq. (2.10) are;Other type of manometers;35;36;Differential manometer 微差压差计;Inclined manometer斜管压差计 ;Series manometer;