Chapter 4 Eukaryotic Microorganisms 微生物学 英文版教材课程.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Eukaryotic Microorganisms;Chapter outline; Concepts;4.1 Eukaryotic cell structure;The eukaryotic cell is more complex. All eukaryotes contain a membrane-enclosed nucleus. The eukaryotic cell can be enclosed by a cell wall or cell walls may be absent . Organelles are universal among eukaryotic cells while chloroplasts are found only in photosynthetic cells.;Protozoa are animallike protists exhibiting heterotrophic nutrition and they can be def- ined as usually motile eukaryotic unicellular microorganisms.;Fungi contain cell walls and produce spores, most described species form a relatively tight phylogenetic cluster.;The molds are filamentous fungi. They are widespread in nature. Each filament grows mainly at the tip, by extension of the terminal cell . ;In most cases, the vegetative cell of a fungal hypha contains more than one nucleus, often hundreds of nuclei are present. ;nonseptate; The morphology Reproduction Classification Typical species ;The morphology of filamentous fungi;Reproduction;Asexual spores are produced by an individual fungus through mitosis and subsequent cell division; there is no fusion of the nuclei of cells. Several types of asexual spores are produced by fungi. ;Main types of asexual spores;Sporangiospores ;Rhizopus (class Zygomycetes): These are common bread molds, which cause much food spoilage. They have nonseptate. It forms rootlike hyphae called rhizoid, as well as stolons. Zygospores are produced when plus and minus strains are both present.;Chlamydospores are thick-walled cells within the hyphae ;Arthrospores;Conidiospores;Conidiospores;Name of fungus;Some molds also produce sexual spores, formed as a result of sexual reproduction. The latter occur from the fusion either of unicellular gametes or of specialized hyphae called gametangia. Alternatively, sexual spores can originate from the fusion of two haploid cells to yield a diploid cell, which then undergoes meiosis and mitosis to yield individual spore