chapter 2 Communication and International Communication 大学英语跨文化的交际 .pptVIP

Communication is dynamic（动态的） Communication is an ongoing activity. It is not fixed. A word or action does not stay frozen when you communicate; it is immediately replaced with yet another word or action. b. Communication is systematic （系统性的） Communication does not occur in isolation or in a vacuum, but rather is part of a larger system. We send and receive messages not in isolation, but in a specific setting. Setting and environment help determine the words and actions we generate. Dress, language, topic selection, and the like are all adapted to context. c. Communication is symbolic （符号性的） Symbols are central to the communication process because they represent the shared meanings that are communicated. A symbol is a word, action, or object that stands for or represents a unit of meaning. Peoples behaviors are frequently interpreted symbolically, as an external representation of feelings, emotions, and internal states. d. Communication is irreversible （不可逆转的） Communication is an irreversible process. We can never undo what has already been done. Although we may try to qualify, negate, or somehow reduce the effects of our message, once it has been sent and received, the message itself cannot be reversed. e. Communication is transactional （交互式的） A transactional view holds that communicators are simultaneously sending and receiving messages at every instant that they are involved in conversations. f. Communication is self-reflective（自省的） Human beings have a unique ability to think about themselves, to watch how they define the world, and to reflect on their past, present, and future. g. Communication is contextual  （情境的） All communication takes place within a setting or situation called a context. By context, we mean the place where people meet, the social purpose for being together, and th