Chapter 6 Syntax 英语语言学演示教学.pptVIP

Chapter Four Syntax;4.1 What is syntax?;Transformational Generative Grammar (TG) ; The ultimate goal for any theory is to explain. TG differs from traditional grammar in that it not only aims at language description, but also its explanation. ;Chomsky is much more interested in the similarities (language universals) between languages rather than their differences. ;The criteria on which categories are determined ;4.2.2 Phrase categories;Phrase structure;4.3 Phrase structure rules ;Specifier X Complement Head;Coordination rule ;Properties of coordination;4.4 Phrase elements ;4.4.1 Specifiers;4.4.2 Complements;Subcategorization;Complements;Complements;4.4.3 Modifiers;The Phrase Structure rule;4.5 Sentences (the S rule) ; ;Infl realized by a tense label;Infl realized by an auxiliary;Transformations ;Auxiliary movement (inversion);Auxiliary movement (inversion);Do insertion;Deep structure----formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s sub-categorization properties; it contains all the units and relationships that are necessary for interpreting the meaning of the sentence. Surface structure----corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations; it is that of the sentence as it is pronounced or written.;Deep structure surface structure ;Deep structure surface structure;The organization of the syntactic component;Wh-movement;Wh-movement;Wh-movement;Move α and constraints on transformations