Chapter 3-22RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS 天大化工原理上册英文版教材.pptVIP

3.3 RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS;3. Time-dependent flow;Rheopectic（流凝性） substances behave in the reverse manner, and the shear stress increases with time, as does the apparent viscosity. The original structures and apparent viscosities are usually recovered on standing. ;4. Viscoelastic fluids粘弹性流体;In this course, only Newtonian fluid will be discussed.;----------------------Newton’s law of viscosity 牛顿粘性定律 The equation is only valid for newtonian fluid in laminar flow;9;Unit of viscosity: SI system: kilograms per meter-second or pascal-second 1 (Pa.s) = 1 (kg/m.s);millipascal-seconds(mPa?s) or centipoises(cP)厘泊 ( 1 mPa?s=1 cP = 0.01 P ) ;2. Viscosity and momentum flux;τv : momentum flux (kg ? m/s)/m2 ? s rate of momentum transfer per unit area ρu : momentum per unit volume,(kg ? m/s)/m3 d(ρu)/dy : momentum concentration gradient μ/ρ : momentum diffusivity, m2/s.;momentum flux = (momentum diffusivity) x (momentum concentration gradient);3. Viscosities of gases and liquids;Effect of temperature:;Effect of molecular weight:;Viscosity of a mixture ;Liquid mixture: For unassociated liquid mixture;Magnitude of viscosity;Gas: viscosities at room temperature are generally between 0.005 and 0.02 cP. ;Source of viscosity: Appendix 8: viscosities for gases Appendix 9: viscosities for liquids Perry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook;4. Kinematic viscosity运动粘度;Units of kinematic viscosity (dynamic viscosity) ;For liquids, kinematic viscosities vary with temperature over a somewhat narrower range than absolute viscosities. For gases, the kinematic viscosity increases more rapidly with temperature than does the absolute viscosity.;3.5 TURBULENCE;☆ 6. Statistical nature of turbulence ☆ 7. Intensity and scale of turbulence ☆ 8. Isotropic turbulence ☆ 9. Reynolds stresses 10. Eddy viscosity ;☆ 3. Reynolds number for non-newtonian fluids;4. Nature of turbulence;when the smallest eddies are ob