Chapter 2 Application Layer 高级计算机网络 （英文版）讲解材料.ppt

Chapter 2Application Layer;Chapter 2: Application layer;Chapter 2: Application Layer;Some network apps;;Client-server architecture;Pure P2P architecture;Hybrid of client-server and P2P;11;Processes communicating;Sockets;An endpoint is a combination of an IP address and a port number. Every TCP connection can be uniquely identified by its two endpoints. That way you can have multiple connections between your host and the server. source-port number, s-IP address, destination-port number, d-IP address ;On the client-side: To make a connection request, the client tries to rendezvous（在指定地点集合）with the server on the servers machine and port. The client also needs to identify itself to the server so it binds to a local port number that it will use during this connection. This is usually assigned by the system. ;Normally, a server runs on a specific computer and has a socket that is bound to a specific port number. The server just waits, listening to the socket for a client to make a connection request. On the server-side: If everything goes well, the server accepts the connection. Upon acceptance, the server gets a new socket bound to the same local port and also has its remote endpoint set to the address and port of the client. It needs a new socket so that it can continue to listen to the original socket for connection requests while tending to the needs of the connected client. ;Addressing processes;Addressing processes;App-layer protocol defines;What transport service does an app need?;Transport service requirements of common apps;Internet transport protocols services;Internet apps: application, transport protocols;SIP - Session Initiation Protocol - is a network communications protocol commonly employed for Voice over IP signaling. RTP- (Realtime Transport Protocol)- An IP protocol that supports real-time transmission of voice and video. It is widely used for IP telephony and audio and video streaming. An RTP packet rides on top of UDP and includes timestamping a