Chapter 2 Organization of Computers Computer English 计算机专业英语—电子教程演示教学.pptVIP

Computer English ;Key points:  useful terms and organization of computersDifficult points:  describing the organization of computers;Requirements:;New Words Expressions: instruction cycle 指令周期 decode vt.解码, 译解 bus n. 总线 pins n.插脚, 管脚 uppermost adj.最高的；adv.在最上 address bus 地址总线 data bus 数据总线 via prep.经, 通过, 经由 multibit 多位 bidirectional 双向的 unidirectional 单向的 hierarchy n.层次，层级 microprocessor n.微处理器 register n.寄存器 timing n.定时；时序；时间选择 synchronize vt.使...同步 assert vt.主张，发出 deassert vt. 撤销 trigger vt.引发, 引起, 触发 map v.映射 port n.端口;2.1 Basic Organization of Computers;The system shown in Figure 2-1 has three buses. The uppermost bus in this figure is the address bus. When the CPU reads data or instructions from or writes data to memory, it must specify the address of the memory location it wishes to access. It outputs this address to the address bus; memory inputs this address from the address bus and use it to access the proper memory location. Each I/O devices, such as a keyboard, monitor, or disk drive, has a unique address as well. When accessing an I/O device, the CPU places the address of the device on the address bus. Each device can read the address off of the bus and determine whether it is the device being accessed by the CPU. Unlike the other buses, the address bus always receives data from the CPU; the CPU never reads the address bus.;Data is transferred via the data bus. When the CPU fetches data from memory, it first outputs the memory address on its address bus. Then memory outputs the data onto the data bus; the CPU can then read the data from the data bus. When writing data to memory, the CPU first outputs the address onto the address bus, then outputs the data onto the data bus. Memory then reads and stores the data at the proper location. The processes for reading data from and writing data to the I/O devices are similar.;The control bus is different from the other two buses. The address bus consists of n line