Chapter 3-11Fluid Flow Phenomena 天大化工原理上册英文版教材.pptVIP

CHAPTER 3Fluid Flow Phenomena 流体流动现象;Content ;3.1 INTRODUCTION;1. Ideal fluid and actual fluid(viscous fluid );Viscous fluid—All fluids are viscous actually. A fluid for which the molecular viscous effects of diffusion and dissipation can have significant effects on the flow. ;3. Viscous flow;Potential flow;Within the current of an incompressible fluid under the influence of solid boundaries, four important effects appear: (1) the coupling of velocity-gradient and shear-stress fields, (2) the onset of turbulence（湍流）, (3) the formation and growth of boundary layers, (4) the separation of boundary layers from contact with the solid boundary. ;4. The velocity field;3.2 LAMINAR FLOW, SHEAR RATE, AND SHEAR STRESS;1. Type of flow and Reynolds’ experiment (p51);? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ; ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ; ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ;(a) laminar flow (b) turbulent flow;Reynolds number, Re ,雷诺数;2. Laminar flow层流;3. Velocity gradient and rate of shear速度梯度和剪切速度;Define the velocity gradient at yA, du/dy, by ;velocity gradient＝ shear rate (剪切速度);4. The shear-stress field;3.3 RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS;1. Rheology(流变学);2. Newtonian and non-newtonian fluids (牛顿性流体与非牛顿性流体)Time-independence flow (与时间无关的粘性流动）;Non-newtonian fluid: fluids that are not newtonian fluid;The relationships between the shear stress(剪应力) and shear rate(剪切速度);A: Newtonian fluid: the shear stress is proportional to the shear rate;B: Bingham plastics 宾汗塑性流体: threshold shear stress τ0 ;C: pseudoplastic fluid 假塑性流体:;D: dilatant fluid :涨塑性流体;3. Time-dependent flow;Rheopectic（流凝性） substances behave in the reverse manner, and the shear stress increases with time, as does the apparent viscosity. The original structures and apparent viscosities are usuall