Chapter 7 Microbial Growth and Growth control 微生物学 英文版培训资料.pptVIP

Even over rather wide ranges, any desired growth rate can be obtained in the chemostat by simply varying the dilution rate. A practical advantage to the chemostat is that a population may be maintained in the exponential growth phase for long periods, for days and even weeks. The experimenter using the chemostat can have such cells available at any time. Experimental Uses of the Chemostat The activities of microorganisms are greatly affected by the chemical and physical conditions of their environments. Understanding environmental in fluences helps us to explain the distribution of microorganisms in nature and makes it possible for us to devise methods for controlling microbial activities and destroying undesirable organisms. Four main factors : Temperature, pH, water availability, and oxygen. 7.5 Effect of Environment on Growth Bacteria grow over a range of temperatures; they do not reproduce below the minimum growth temperattire nor above the maximum growth temperature. Within the temperature growth range there is an optimum growth temperature at which bacterial reproduction is fastest. Effect of temperature on bacterial growth rate Enzymes exhibit a Q10 so that within a suitable temperature range the rate of enzyme activity doubles for every 10 C rise in temperature. Microorganisms are classified as psychrophiles, mesophiles.thermophiles, and extremethemophiles based on their optimal growth temperature. Effect of oxygen concentration on the growth of various bacteria in tubes of solid medium. (a) Obligate aerobes-growth occurs only in the short distance to which the oxygen diffuses into the medium. (b) Facultative anaerobes growth is best near the surface, where oxygen is available, but occurs throughout the tube. (c) Obligate anaerobes-oxygen is toxic, and there is no growth near the surface. (d) Aerotolerant anaerobes-growth occurs evenly throughout the tube but is not better at the surface because the organisms do not use oxygen. (e) M