Chapter 7 Inviscid, Compressible Flow 空气动力学英文教材.pptVIP

Chapter 7;7.1 Introduction;Definition of compressible flows; The position of analysis of compressible flows in our textbook; The change between kinetic energy and internal energy should be taken into account; A High Speed Flow is a High Energy Flow; The change between kinetic energy and internal energy should be considered under the science of thermodynamics; Road map of this chapter;7.2 A BRIEF REVIEW OF THERMODYNAMICS ;where R is the specific gas constant ; for air at standard conditions, R = 287 J/(kg.K). This formula can also be written as: ;For a perfect gas, both and are functions of temperature only: ;For a perfect gas where these specific heats are constants , the above formula become: ;e and h are thermodynamic state variables, they depend only on the state of the gas and are independent of any process. Now, we have the thermodynamic variables as follows: P : pressure ρ : density T : temperature e : internal energy h : enthalpy;For a specific gas, we have the following equations: ;Similarly, dividing the above equation by ;7.2.3 FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ;Assume that the system is stationary. is an incremental amount of heat added to the system across the boundary; denotes the work done on the system by the surroundings. The system has an internal energy; the heat added and work done cause a change in energy. Since the system is stationary, this change is simply : ;Hence is an exact differential, its value depend only on the initial and final states of the system, is a state variable. In contrast, and depend on the process in going from the initial to the final states. ;For a reversible process, , where is an incremental change in the volume due to a displacement of the boundary; thus Eq. (7.11) becomes ;7.2.4 ENTROPY AND THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ;How to add the heat to the system