ch20网络层协议.pptVIP

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ch20网络层协议

* * * * * * Figure 20.21 Three transition strategies Figure 20.22 Three transition strategies Figure 20.23 Tunneling Figure 20.24 Header translation * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 20 Network Layer Protocols: ARP, IPv4, ICMPv4, IPv6, and ICMPv6 Figure 20.1 Protocols at network layer 20.1 ARP (address resolution protocol) Mapping Packet Format Encapsulation Operation Figure 20.2 ARP operation Figure 20.3 ARP packet Figure 20.4 Encapsulation of ARP packet Figure 20.5 Four cases using ARP An ARP request is broadcast; an ARP reply is unicast. Note: Example 1 A host with IP address 130.23.3.20 and physical address B23455102210 has a packet to send to another host with IP address 130.23.43.25 and physical address A46EF45983AB. The two hosts are on the same Ethernet network. Show the ARP request and reply packets encapsulated in Ethernet frames. Solution Figure 20.6 shows the ARP request and reply packets. Note that the ARP data field in this case is 28 bytes, and that the individual addresses do not fit in the 4-byte boundary. That is why we do not show the regular 4-byte boundaries for these addresses. Note that we use hexadecimal for every field except the IP addresses. Figure 20.6 Example 1 20.2 IP (internet protocol) Datagram Fragmentation Figure 20.7 IP datagram The total length field defines the total length of the datagram including the header. Note: Figure 20.8 Multiplexing Figure 20.9 Example of checksum calculation Figure 20.10 MTU (maximum transferunit) Figure 20.11 Fragmentation example 20.3 ICMP (internet control message protocol) Types of Messages Figure 20.12 ICMP encapsulation ICMP always reports error messages to the original source. Note: Figure 20.13 Error-reporting messages There is no flow control or congestion control mechanism in IP. Note: Figure 20.14 Qu

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