模块7第2单元语法突破-高考链接-你问我答.docVIP

模块7第单元语法突破课文原句】It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire. (P 11) 【点拨】句子主语和不定式是被动关系：因为机器人将要被Larry’s wife所验证，所以主语It (the robot) 和不定式to be tested out是被动的。又如：The students want to be sent to work in the countryside. 【课文原句】that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. (P 11) 【点拨】宾语和作宾补的不定式是被动关系：宾语her是不允许“被伤害”(to be harmed)的。又如：He wanted the letter to be typed at once. 【课文原句】Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. (P 11) 【点拨】作主语的不定式本身是被动的含义：不定式作主语也有主动和被动之分，克莱尔认为，得到机器人的同情是一件荒唐的事情。“得到机器人的同情 (to be offered sympathy by a robot)”充当了句子的真实主语。又如：To be questioned by someone is an awful thing. 【课文原句】What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! (P 12) 【点拨】被修饰词和作定语的不定式是被动关系：这是一个被那些女士们所羡慕的多么美妙的胜利呀。“胜利”(victory) 和“羡慕”(be envied)是被动的关系。课文中还有类似的一个句子：How awful to bediscovered by her. (P 11) 又如：He is a man to be trusted. 二、不定式的时态： 1. 一般式 (to do): It seems to rain this afternoon. 一般式往往表示动作将要发生或者与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生。例句说明，“今天下午看起来要下雨。”rain在seem之后发生。 2. 进行式 (to be doing): It seems to be raining outside. 进行式往往表示不定式的动作正在发生。例句说明，“外面好像正在下雨。”（指在室内听见外面有下雨的声音或迹象）, rain 和seem同时发生。 3. 完成式 (to have done): It seems to have rained last night. 完成式表示不定式的动作（或状态）发生在谓语动作（或状态）之前。例句说明，“昨晚好像下了雨。”（指早晨起床后发现地面潮湿，有下雨的迹象，才做出如此判断），rain 发生在seem之前。 三、不定式的逻辑主语： 一般说来，不定式的逻辑主语比较容易辨别。例如： The businessman got up early in order to catch the earliest train that day. （不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语The businessman） The lady asked him to bring her a cup of tea. （不定式的逻辑主语就使句子的宾语him） 但有时候逻辑主语并不明显，为了明确动词不定式动作的发出者，我们需要在不定式前加上for sb. 构成for sb. to do sth.句式。例如： The maths problem is difficult for a five-year-old child to solve. We are waiting for her to come to our party. It was not right for you to hurt her feelings in such a way. 但如果逻辑主语和形容词之间具有某种“品质”关系时，则用of代替for，例如： It is very kind of you to lend me your beautiful bike. 有时，即使不定式前没有for sb.,我们也能从上下文判断出它的逻辑主语是谁。例如：It is very important to memorize English words from the context. （在不定式to memorize English words from the context之前，省略了for studen