高三英语译林版一轮教师用书：第2部分 专题二 名词和冠词.docVIP

专题二　名词和冠词 一、名　词 [全国卷考情分析] 题型 典题试做 命题解读 语法 填空 1．(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)This trend，...，has had some unintended side effects(effect) such as overweight and heart disease－the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 2．(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the introduction(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 1．给出名词提示词，考查名词的数； 2．给其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词； 3．名词的固定搭配。 短文 改错 1．(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word→words，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” 2．(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Besides，they often get some useful informations→information from the Internet. 1．可数名词单复数的错用； 2．混淆名词的可数与不可数。 (对应学生用书第200页) 名词的数 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2016年四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. 2．(2017年淄博二模)He lost all his keys(key) to the doors，so he had to get them opened by force. Ⅱ.单句改错 Though we are now out of danger，the broken bridge is still great danger to car drivers.great前加a 【导学号 [再解读要点] 名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分， 不可数名词没有单复数之分。 1．可数名词复数的变化规则 (1) 名词复数的规则变化 ①一般情况下在词尾直接加-s。如：books，horses，beds，pages ②以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es，如：glasses，boxes，brushes，watches(例外：stomach →stomachs) ③以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，把y变为i再加-es；以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加-s，如：cities，countries，factories，boys，toys，holidays ④以o结尾的名词，常在词尾加-s，如：radios，photos，pianos，zoos(例外：heroes，tomatoes，potatoes) ⑤以-f或-fe结尾的名词，常把f或fe变成v，再加-es，如：half →halves，knife →knives，leaf →leaves；少数词尾加-s，如：roofs，chiefs，gulfs，beliefs，proofs (2) 名词复数的不规则变化 ①单复数同形：deer，sheep，Chinese，means(方式， 方法)，series，species ②词形变化：man →men，woman →women，child →children，tooth →teeth，foot →feet，mouse →mice，ox →oxen ③合成名词的复数：passer-by →passers-by，looker-on →lookers-on，grown-up →grown-ups，stand-by →stand-bys ④名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如：woman doctor →women doctors，man waiter →men waiters (3)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks，congratulations， trousers，works(著作；工厂)，manners(礼貌)，spirits(情绪)，instructions(操作说明)，directions(用法说明)，papers(试卷， 文件)，times(时代)等。 2．抽象名词具体化 experience[U]经验 →an expe