水分生理研究进展和植物养分研究进展 植物生理 演示教学.pptVIP

水分生理研究进展和植物养分研究进展生命科学学院植物生理教研室曹翠玲e-mail: cuilingcao@163.com;第一部分 植物水分生理研究进展 序言 (一）.水孔蛋白的发现及概念 1. 水通道的发现 2. 水孔蛋白的概念 （二）水孔蛋白的种类 （三）结构及透水机理 1.水孔蛋白结构及大小、 2.透水机理 （三）水孔蛋白功能的调节 （四）水孔蛋白的生理意义 小结;2.水孔蛋白的概念： 目前，把一系列Mr为25 000-30 000D、选择性地高效转运水分子的膜水通道蛋白称为水孔蛋白（aquaporins, AQPS）。 水孔蛋白是MIP（major intrinsic protein,主要内在蛋白）家族中的一个类群。 Aquaporins (AQPs) are an ancient family of channel proteins that transport water and certain neutral metabolites across biological membranes. Plant Physiology, March 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 1206–1215,; ? MIP： 　　 Members of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family form a large and diverse group of membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water and some small solutes across cellular membranes　 (Agre et al., 2002; Thomas et al., 2002).;The distribution of MIP: 　　MIPs are widely distributed in organisms from bacteria to higher eukaryotes, and these proteins are especially abundant in plants, with 35 full-length genes present in Arabidopsis.;1.3 nodulin-like MIPs (NIPs)　　The archetype NIP,NOD 26 is located in the peribacteroid membrane (PBM) of soybean nodule cells．1.4 small basic MIPs 　(SIPs)  in Arabidopsis and maize.;The SIPs are quite divergent from（区别） the other plant MIPs and show significant sequence differences in loop B where the Asn-Pro-Ala (NPA) box consists of Asn-Pro-Thr or Asn-Pro-Leu.; 还可根据水孔蛋白是否对Hg2+敏感Hg2+不敏感型水孔蛋白，如PIP RD28。 特点是无cys残基。Hg2+敏感型水孔蛋白， 如CHIP28。Hg2+抑  制的位点是cys189(在NPA附近)。;２.结构　　The structures of aquaporin 1 (AQP1), a mammalian water-specific aquaporin, and the Escherichia coli glyceroporin(血型糖蛋白)GlpF have been solved at atomic resolution by x-ray crystallography.;The structures show that the overall topologies of these two archetypicalMIPs are remarkably similar, whichsupports the hypothesis that MIP family members share a common ancestor and adopt a common hourglass fo