第03讲——测试经济 超大规模集成电路测试技术 知识课件.pptVIP

VLSI Test: Lecture 3 * * Lecture 3 Test Economics第三讲：测试经济学 Contents内容目录 Economics defined / 经济学定义 Costs / 成本 Production / 生产 Benefit - cost analysis / 收益成本分析 Economics of DFT / DFT经济学 Summary / 总结 1 The Meaning of Economics经济学含义 Economics is the study of how men choose to use scarce or limited productive resources (land, labor, capital goods such as machinery, and technical knowledge) to produce various commodities (such as wheat, overcoats, roads, concerts, and yachts) and to distribute them to various members of society for their consumption. -- Paul Samuelson 1.1 Engineering Economics工程经济学 Engineering Economics is the study of how engineers choose to optimize their designs and construction methods to produce objects and systems that will optimize their efficiency and hence the satisfaction of their clients. 2 Costs成本 Fixed cost：必需且不随使用过程而改变的物质的成本 Variable cost：随着产量的增加而增长 Total cost：固定成本和可变成本的和 Average cost：总成本/产量 Example: Costs of running a car Fixed cost Variable cost Total cost Average cost ￥100,000 ￥ 0.8/mile ￥ 100,000 + 0.8x ￥ ----------- + 0.8 100,000 x Purchase price of car Gasoline, maintenance, repairs For traveling x miles Total cost / x 3 Production生产 Definition（定义）:是制造社会需要的物质的过程 Inputs(生产的输入x): Labor, land, capital, enterprise, energy (x may include both fixed and variable costs) output (生产的输出x): Q = f (x) Average product（平均产量或技术效率—单位输入可形成的产量）： Q / x Marginal product（边际产量—从当前成本水平增加单位投资能获得的产量的增加）： dQ / dx 3.1 Law of Diminishing Returns收益递减规律 If one input of production is increased keeping Other inputs constant, then the output may increase, eventually reaching a point beyond which increasing the inputs will cause progressively less increase in output. Input Resources, x Output, Q(x) 3.2 Technological Efficiency技术效率 定义：Technological efficiency = Q/x where x = variable cost dQ Q 1 dQ Q Q dQ ---- --- = 0; -- ----- -- ---- = 0 or --- = ----- d