增词法课件.pptVIP

英汉常用翻译技巧－增词法Amplification 增词法是指在原文的基础上添加必要的单词，词组，分句或完整句，从而使译文在语法，形式上都符合汉语的习惯并使译文在文化背景，词语联想方面与原文保持一致，以达到译文与原文在内容，形式和精神方面对等起来的目的。 Practices first: 1. With what enthusiasm members of Communist Party of China are conducting political studies. 2. In the films of those days, all too often it was the same scenario: the hero meets the heroine, they fall in love and live happily ever after. 3. Our rushing is understandable, but costly. Practices first: 1. With what enthusiasm members of Communist Party of China are conducting political studies. 中国共产党员正以多么高的热情进行政治学习啊！ 2. In the films of those days, all too often it was the same scenario: the hero meets the heroine, they fall in love and live happily ever after. 那时的电影总是一样的剧情：男主人公与女主人公相遇，继而相爱，从此过上幸福的生活。 3. Our rushing is understandable, but costly. 人们忙碌是可以理解的，但是为此付出的代价却是高昂的。 Types of amplification I. Semantic amplification (语义增益) II. Structural amplification(句法增益) III. Rhetorical amplification(修辞增益) I. Semantic amplification 由于中英文语言差异，翻译时常常要根据意义的需要，在相关词汇后加上适当的词，使之通顺自然，符合中文表达习惯。 增加名词 在汉语中，及物和不及物动词的区别不是很明显，有时所谓及物动词后面的宾语如果上下文中能够看的出，往往可以省略不说；而英语则不然。特别是一些不及物动词必须带上它后面的宾语句子意思才能显得完整。因此，在翻译时往往就需要增补。 1. Make a schedule or chart of your eating, playing, meetings, classes, etc. 作一个时间表，然后，将吃饭、睡觉、开会、上课等等的时间填上。 有时形容词前面也可以加上名词： 2. His wife thinks that this furniture is too expensive and, moreover looks very ugly. 他妻子认为，这件家具价格昂贵而且外表难看。 有时，一些名词或者数量词的复数形式翻译成汉语后前面也要加词表示重叠：  3. Thousands of students from the city’s colleges and universities jammed the railway station awaiting the arrival of their football team. 成千上万的高校学生一起涌到火车站欢迎他们的足球队凯旋。 Exercise This is a Ford. 这是一辆福特牌汽车。 This new brand of PC is cheap and fine. 这个新牌子的电脑物美价廉。 We can learn what we did not know before. 我们能学会以前不懂的东西。 增加动词 由于英语是一门“静止”的语言，在所有的词汇当中，用名词的居多；而相比较而言，汉语则无此限制，不管有多少动词都可以并排使用。因此，许多英语的名词翻译成汉语时都要加上一些动词，否则，意思则很不完整。 1. The lives claimed by shoddy construction projects should be enough to put governments at all levels on the al