甲醇-乙腈-苯三元混合体系分离过程分析-separation process analysis of methanol - acetonitrile - benzene ternary mixture system.docx

摘要三组分混合体系由于其复杂的组分间关系及作用力关系，分离非常困难。采用 二元共沸物萃取剂或共沸剂的筛选方法得到的添加剂分离效果也不尽如人意，要通 过加入新的组分来改变物系的性质，难度比较大。本文以制药厂亟待处理的废液（含甲醇:乙腈:苯=70%:20%:10%wt）为原料，对甲醇-乙腈-苯三组分分离方法进行研究。 对三元物系精馏曲线及分区特性进行了深入研究与分析，对精馏曲线在精馏分离方面的应用进行了总结。使用双循环汽液平衡釜测定了常压下甲醇-乙腈-苯三元汽液平衡数据，并绘制出甲醇-乙腈-苯三组分的精馏曲线，通过对精馏曲线的趋势和终点信息观察与分析， 三组分的共沸点既非最高也非最低共沸点。将三角形相图分成三个精馏区域，不同的精馏区域对应的精馏产物不同。提出以甲醇为溶剂，用以改变精馏曲线所处的精馏区域，从而控制塔顶产品为甲醇-苯二元混合物，塔底产品为甲醇-乙腈二元混合物，实现三元混合物变二元混 合物的初步分离。甲醇-苯和甲醇-乙腈均是随着压力的变化，共沸物的温度和组成 均发生变化。所以，通过两塔变压精馏可实现两组二元组分的分离。通过小试实验验证了此方案的可行性，并对初分离塔的溶剂比和回流比进行了 优化，得到较优的溶剂比为 2，回流比为 6。使用化工流程模拟软件对工艺中各塔参数进行了优化，得到如下优化操作条件：1）初分离塔：理论板数为 28 块，原料进料位置为第 16 块，溶剂进料位置为 第 3 块，溶剂比为 1，回流比为 1。2）第二低压甲醇塔操作压力为 30kPa，理论板数为 16 块，进料位置为第 6 块， 回流比为 3；苯塔操作压力为 200kPa，理论板数为 14，进料位置为第 8 块，回流比为 4。3）第一低压甲醇塔操作压力为 30kPa，理论板数为 12 块，进料位置为第 8 块， 回流比为 2；乙腈塔操作压力为 200kPa，理论板数为 8，进料位置为第 6 块，回流比为 2。关键字：分离 三元物系 精馏曲线 精馏区域 变压精馏 流程模拟ABSTRACTThe separation of ternary azeotropic system is very difficult due to the more complex force relationship between components. The solvents selected by the method for binary systems separation are not fittable, so the separation by add extra solvents is not easy. In this paper, the separation of methanol+acetonitrile+benzene was studied.The feed was waste liquid from a pharmaceutical factory which contain methanol、acetonitrile and benzene, the mass fraction was 70%、20% and 10% separately.The distillation curves and distillation region characteristics were analysed and studied, the application of distillation curves are summarized.A series of isobaric VLE data of methanol-acetonitrile-benzene system were investigated by double circulating still at 101.3 kPa. Distillation curve of methanol-acetonitrile-benzene was drawn with VLE data obtained from experiment. After observation and analysis of the trend and destination of the distillation curve, we found that the ternary azeotropic point neither the highest nor the lowest. The distillation region was divided into three parts, and the destination of each part are different.With methanol as s