最新深静脉穿刺置管术PPT演示课件.ppt

. * What parameters are available for measuring the preload? - classical parameters: cardiac filling pressures CVP (via CVC) and PCWP (via pulmonary arterial catheter) - static volumetric preload parameters: GEDV (global end-diastolic volume and ITBV (intrathoracic blood volume) - dynamic parameters SVV (stroke volume variation) and PPV (pulse pressure variation). In the narrower sense, these are not preload parameters but parameters of the heart‘s preload responsiveness (reaction of cardiac stroke volume to volume administration) * The relevance of the filling pressures for assessing cardiac