S2 WST C1 当代社会学理论 教材.pptVIP

Four lectures 25 April – Antonio Gramsci 2 May – Post-war Marxism in France from Sartre to Althusser 9 May – World-systems theory and its critics 16 May – Mapping Western Marxism in the twentieth century Antonio Gramsci安东尼奥·葛兰西 Outline I. Gramsci’s eventful life From a poor background to a revolutionary leader A victim of fascist persecution II. Culture and ideology “every human being is a philosopher” The importance of common sense The role of intellectuals III. A theory of politics Civil society / political society / the State The historic bloc Hegemony (Gramsci’s central concept) IV. Revolution War of position / war of man?uvre The political party The strength of human praxis I. Gramsci’s eventful life Gramsci’s youth: from Sardinia to Turin Born in Ghilarza, a small town of Sardinia 撒丁岛 Childhood in poverty Very weak health Through arduous work at school, Gramsci can transfer to a liceo (high school) in the provincial capital and then go to university in Turin Gramsci, as a young journalist, is politically passionate: “indifference is a powerful force in history. It operates passively but effectively […] I am alive, I take sides. Hence I hate whoever does not, I hate indifference” Open-minded, against all intellectual dogma: “Are we Marxist? Who is Marxist? Only stupidity is immortal.” “The revolution against Das Kapital” (1917)《反对〈资本论〉的革命》 Gramsci perceives the October Revolution in Russia as showing the strengh of human will against economic forces He proclaims to be a Marxist but wants Marxism to be a “living thought” Against turning Das Kapital into a new Bible: “The Bolshevik revolutionaries have not used the Master’s works to draw up a superficial interpretation […] They live out Marxist thought, the one which will never die […] In this kind of thinking the main determinant of history is not lifeless economics, but man; societies made up of men, men who have something in common, who get along together, and because of this, they develop a col