英语专业八级考试__英语语言学概要1.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 考点：四大学派的代表人物及其理论名称 1. Father of Modern Linguistics 现代语言学之父 2. Prague School 布拉格学派 3. London School 伦敦学派 4. American Structuralism 美国结构主义 5. Transformative-Generative Grammar 转换生成语法 1. Father of Modern Linguistics 现代语言学之父 Saussure 索绪尔 (瑞士) 代表作 Saussure’s new concepts: Langue and Parole (语言和言语) Signifier and signified （能指和所指） 2. Prague School 布拉格学派： Stressed synchronic linguistics （强调共时语言学） N. Trubetzkoy (1890-1938)特鲁别茨柯依 J. Firbas (1921-2000) 费尔巴斯 * Prague School Phonology N. Trubetzkoy’(特鲁别茨柯依) contributions: defined the sphere of phonological studies, and gave an accurate definition of the phoneme. * J. Firbas (费尔巴斯) FSP （functional Sentence Perspective, 句子功能前景）： distribution of information in sentence CD （Communicative dynamism, 交际动力） is used to measure the information amount a particular sentence constituent contains * 3. The London School Malinowski (1884-1942) 马林诺夫斯基 Firth (1890-1960) 弗斯 Halliday (1925- ) 韩礼德 All three stressed the importance of context of situation and the system aspect of language 马林诺夫斯基 费孝通 王铭铭 * 3. The London School Malinowski (1884-1942) 马林诺夫斯基 Firth (1890-1960) 弗斯 Halliday (1925- ) 韩礼德 All three stressed the importance of context of situation and the system aspect of language * Halliday (韩礼德，1925- ). Systematic-Functional Grammar (系统功能语法) : systemic grammar: internal relations in L as a system network, meaning potential. functional grammar: L as a means of social interaction, uses or functions of language form. * 3. American Structuralism Major Linguists： Boas （博厄斯） Sapir （萨丕尔） Bloomfield （布龙菲尔德） Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: the language influences the way one thinks and behave (语言影响人的思想行为) 5. Transformative-Generative Grammar 转换生成语法 NOAM CHOMSKY 乔姆斯基 (1928- ) Transformative-Generative Grammar 转换生成