对萨丕尔―沃尔夫假说评论.docVIP

对萨丕尔―沃尔夫假说评论 　　摘要：萨丕尔―沃尔夫假说是20世纪在西方语言学界的颇具影响的理论假说，该假说又称为语言相对论其核心内涵是，人类不仅生活在客观世界里，也生活在主观世界里，不同的语言有不同的语言结构主要是语法，不同的语言结构会影响使用者的思维习惯，导致他们用不同的方法去观察世界，从而导致他们对世界具有不同的感知、对世界产生不同的看法，语言不仅是思维的工具，它同时也强烈影响和制约着思维。从语言和思维关系的角度探讨萨丕尔―沃尔夫假说，并试探性地给出作者的观点。 　　关键词：语言；思维；萨丕尔―沃尔夫假说 　　中图分类号：H0 文献标志码：A文章编号：1673-291X（2011）22-0259-02 　　 　　一、Introduction 　　The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is perhaps the most hotly debated topic in academic speculations on thinking. In the 1920s and 1930s，the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has caused controversy and spawned research in a variety of disciplines including linguistics，psychology，philosophy，anthropology，and education.Until today it has not been completely disputed or defended or proved，the hypothesis has continued to intrigue researchers around the world. 　　二、Review on Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 　　1.Review on the Strong Version―Linguistic Determinism.Linguistic determinism claims that language determines thought，and has been strongly opposed. 　　We have seen four major doctrines of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis found in the critical literature.They are accused of the following：a)espousing causal determination；b)espousing that language shapes color perception；c) espousing absolute nontranslatability between different languages because of the lack of lexical items；and d) presenting only linguistic data，which leads to circularity of evidence(Alford 1980). However，until now，there exist experiments to support the strong version.Let us look at Peterson and Siegals study involving deaf children.Their study revealed two naturally occurring groups-deaf children of hearing parents and deaf children of deaf parents――which allow for a within culture test of linguistic relativity and their results offer direct evidence that language molds thought. 　　2.Review on the Weak Version―Linguistic Relativity. Many now accept a “weak” version，more moderate relativity hypothesis，namely that the ways in which we see the world may be influenced by the kind of language we use. 　　Despite