大学英语语法 第九讲 时态.docVIP

第九讲 时态 一、英语各种时态构成表 一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态 现在 play plays is am are playing has have played has have been playing 过去 played was were playing had played had been playing 将来 shall will play shall will be playing shall will have played shall will have been playing 过去将来 should would play should would be playing should would have been played should would have been playing 二、一般现在时 1 . 构成 用动词原形, 第三人称单数有变化。基本变化规则是: 一般情况加“-s”, 以辅音加“y”结 尾的词把“y”改为“i”, 再加“-es”(但元音加“y”结尾的则直接加“-s”) , 以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结 尾的词加“-es”。be 动词的变化形式是is , am, are。 2. 功能 1)表示习惯的、永久性的或反复发生的动作(常同often , sometimes, usually, always, twice a month, every week , on Sundays, occasionally, normally , generally, weekly, now and then , every so often , as a rule, rarely 等状语连用) Birds f ly . 鸟会飞。 He seldom eats meat . 他很少吃肉。 I never sit up late into the night . 我从不迟睡。 She always takes a walk in the evening . 她常在晚间散步。 2)表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态 She loves music . 她喜欢音乐。 Contradictions exist everywhere . 矛盾处处存在。 He doesn..t speak French . 他不会讲法语。 She lives in a villa at the foot of the hill . 她住在山脚下的一座别墅里。 3)表示普遍真理、事实, 也用在格言中 The ear th moves round the sun . 地球绕太阳转。 Water boils at 100℃. 水的沸点是100℃。 No man but errs. 人非圣贤, 孰能无过。 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 493 二、一般现在时 Pride goes before a fall . 骄者必败。 Spring follows winter . 冬天过后就是春天。 A bird in hand is wor th two in the bush . 一鸟在手胜似二鸟在林。 A stitch in time saves nine . 小洞不补, 大洞吃苦。 Time and tide wait for no man . 时不待人。 4)在由when, if, after , before, although , as , as soon as , the minute, the next time, whether, because, even if, in case, though , till , until , unless , so long as , where, whatever, wherever 等引 导的表示时间、条件、比较等状语从句中, 用一般现在时代替一般将来时 I..ll tell her when she comes tomorrow . 她明天来的时候我会告诉她的。 You will surely succeed i f you try your best. 功夫不负有心人。 I shall tell her the minute she gets here . I shall have a good time whether I win or lose . In the future I shall do as she says . The earlier you leave, the earlier you..ll be there . The next tim