六相永磁同步电机电磁设计及其电感参数的分析-electromagnetic design of six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and analysis of its inductance parameters.docxVIP
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六相永磁同步电机电磁设计及其电感参数的分析-electromagnetic design of six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and analysis of its inductance parameters
摘要多相永磁同步电机兼有永磁同步电机和多相电机的双重优点,特别是在大功 率电气传动领域具有明显优势,应用前景良好。永磁同步电机的电磁设计、电感 参数和电磁转矩的研究,是永磁同步电机设计和控制的重点和热点。由于多相永 磁同步电机相数的增加,使其电磁设计、电感参数及电磁转矩更复杂。本文首先分析归纳了多相电机的绕组与相带的关系和特点;推导出了多相绕 组合成磁动势的时空表达式及其谐波分布规律,并重点分析对比了六相绕组与三 相绕组合成的磁动势。分析表明,对称绕组的相带在空间分布上是对称的,各相 带施加的激励在时间相位上也是对称的;随着相带个数的增加,谐波磁动势含量 显著减少,可利用成份增加,对电机运行带来的不良影响也降低。其次,建立了多相永磁同步电机在自然轴系下的数学模型。推导出了六相永 磁同步电机的坐标变换。通过坐标变换,得到六相永磁同步电机在传统 dq 坐标系 与计及交叉耦合 dq 坐标系下的电感参数和数学模型。再次,参考传统三相永磁同步电机的电磁设计方法,并结合多相绕组的理论 和特点,对电机进行尺寸计算、极槽配合、绕组设计等关键步骤和设计。用 Ansoft Maxwell 软件,建立了一台六相永磁同步电机样机模型。对样机进行空载和负载仿 真研究,并与相同尺寸结构的三相永磁同步电机做了对比。对六相电机注入不同 幅值的谐波电压,分析其对电流、转矩等参数的影响。结果表明,采用六相绕组 设计的电机可以提高绕组利用率,减小铜耗、附加铁耗、转矩脉动;在全桥或半 桥逆变器接中线供电的情况下,给六相电机注入特定幅值的 3、5 次谐波电压,可 以提高电机的功率密度,减小电流峰值,提高功率器件的利用率与可靠性,抑制 转矩脉动。最后,计算分析了六相电机电感参数随 dq 轴电流变化的规律;利用计及交叉 耦合 dq 坐标系下的数学模型研究了六相电机电磁转矩的构成成份及电感参数对电 磁转矩的影响;并对比了六相电机与三相电机的电感参数、电磁转矩的异同。结 果表明,由于两台电机的磁路结构相同,两台电机的电感参数随 dq 轴电流变化的 规律是相同的;输出大转矩时,交叉磁阻转矩降为负值,导致电机单位电流出力 减小,但六相电机总磁阻转矩的比重仍略高于三相电机。关键词:多相永磁同步电机;电磁设计;电感参数;电磁转矩ABSTRACTWith dual advantages of both multi-phase motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM), multiphase PMSM has a significant advantage in the field of electric power transmission, and has good prospects. The research on PMSM design and control mainly concentrated on electromagnetic design, torque performance and accurately calculate the inductance parameters. Electromagnetic design and inductance parameter become more complex on account of the increase of multiphase PMSM.This study firstly analyzed and summarized the relationships and characteristics of multi-phase motor’s winding and phase belts; deduced the expressions in time and space of MMF of multi-phase winding, and the rule of harmonic distribution. Especially focused on comparison of MMF harmonic synthesis of the six-phase and three-phase windings. The results of this study show that any symmetric and semi-symmetric windings on the spatial distribution is symmetrical; each phase excitation applied at the time is also symmetrical; with the increase of phase belts,
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