kessence暗能量模型的相空间研究-phase space study of kes sense dark energy model.docxVIP

摘要1998年，天文学家对Ia型超新星红移的观测和其后2003年WMAP卫星对微波背景辐 射的更为精确的观测表明：宇宙正在加速膨胀。在宇宙学原理和广义相对论成立的前提 下，为解释这一现象，必须引入一种具有负压强的新的物质，即所谓的暗能量。宇宙学 常数（或真空能量）是最简单的暗能量候选者，但这一理论面临着宇宙学常数问题和年 龄问题。为了解决以上问题，物理学家提出了各种动力学暗能量模型。其中k-essence模型是 本文要研究的模型。我们考虑两种情况：一是暗物质和暗能量的之间没有相互作用，二是暗物质和暗能量之间存在相互作用：Q ???H ?m 。我们研究了具有幂律形式的k-essence模型： F ( X ) ???X ??X 。通过求解自洽的动力学演化方程，得出了多个临界点。具体过程为： 第一步，暗物质暗能量之间没有相互作用，解出了八个临界点；第二步，令Q ???H ?m ，即暗物质暗能量之间有非零的相互作用，又得出六个临界点。并依次讨论 这十四个临界点的存在性和稳定性条件。同时我们还研究了模型的稳定性，包括经典稳 定性和量子稳定性。在此基础上，我们计算了宇宙学参数的值，得到了宇宙加速膨胀所 要求的参数范围。我们发现，在所研究的模型中，暗能量方程可以穿过-1，为将来的观 测提供了理论依据。关键词 暗物质； 暗能量； K-essence； 相空间分析AbstractWith the observation of Ia supernova in 1998, and the accurate data from WMAP satellite in 2003, we are shown that, the Universe is experiencing an accelerating expansion. Under the cosmologic principle and general relativity, to explain this phenomenal, we must introduce a new material, that is the dark energy. The cosmological constant ??( the vacuumenergy) is the simplest candidate, but it has the cosmological constant problem and ageproblem.To solve the two problems above, physicists come up with many dynamical dark energy models. Among them, the k-essence model will be chosen in our thesis. We consider two cases: first, there is no interaction between the dark matter and the dark energy; second, there are some certain interactions Q ???H ?m , between the dark matter and the dark energy. Thepower-law form k-essence modelF ( X ) ???X ??Xwas studied. After solving theself-contain dynamical equation, many critical points are obtained. The first step, setting Q ??0 , that is to say there is no interaction between the dark matter and the dark energy, eight critical points are obtained. Then in the second step, choosing Q ???H ?m , that is to saythere are some certain interactions between the dark matter and the dark energy, six criticalpoints were obtained. The existence and the stability condition for all fourteen critical points are discussed respectively. Meanwhile,