(医学各论课件）21、Respiratory System宣讲培训.pptVIP

Respiratory System ;Objectives;Components Nasal cavity The pharynx (digestive system) The larynx The trachea The bronchi The lung;vestibular region respiratory region olfactory region;;2. Trachea and main bronchi ;(1) Mucosa : Epithelium;;Epithelium;ciliated cell with cilia To provide a sweeping motion from the farthest reaches towards larynx;Goblet cell to synthesize and secrete mucus the secretion covers the epithelium surface;Brush cell -columnar, microvilli, -EM: RER, no granules -function: not very clear i.?become into ciliated cell ii.receive sensory stimuli; Small granule cell (neuroendocrine cell) -EM: dense-core granules -Function: secret hormones to regulate contract of SM and secretion of gland i. 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin) ii. Calcitonin ; Basal cell stem cell ;;(2) Submucosa LCT, containing mixed glands with diffuse LT and LN SIg A = secretory component (secreted by epithelum cell) + Ig A ( produced by plasma cell) ;(3) Adventitia: cartilage ring: 16-20 “C ” shaped circular ligament: elastic fiber posterior part (membrane part): SM, elastic fiber, tracheal gland ;3. Lung;General structure: ---capsule: visceral layer of pleura- serous membrane ---parenchyma: all branches of bronchi and alveoli ---interstitia ;; Conducting portion: bronchi →intrapulmonary bronchial tree (lobar bronchial tree, segmental bronchi and small bronchi) → small bronchi →bronchioles →terminal bronchioles Function: inspire air (cleaned, moistened, warmed) ; Respiratory portion respiratory bronchioles →alveolar duct →alveolar sac → alveoli Function: gas exchange ;1) Conducting portion ① bronchi→small bronchi (from lobar bronchi to small bronchi) mucosa: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium -epithelium : thinner -goblet cell: number ↓ -lamina propria: thinner, -SM ↑ submucosa: gland ↓ adventitia: cartilage ↓ ;② bronchiole: diameter 1mm p