英语专业词汇学教案第一章.docVIP

English Lexicology Chapter 1 1.5 Classification of words 词的分类 依据不同的划分标准，可将英语词汇划分为不同的类别。 首先，根据使用频率（use frequency），可将英语词汇划分为： 1.5.1 Basic word stock nonbasic word stock Basic word stock is the most important part and the foundation of English vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language (语言的共核). 基本词汇是全民族活动共同的和基本的核心词汇，是语言中使用得最多、生活中最必需、意义最明确、生命力最强的词汇。 基本词汇所占比例不大，但在日常交际中使用频率却很高。 基本词汇的六大特征Six characteristics （1）All national character. The most important feature. denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us. （2）stability （3）productivity （4）polysemy （5）collocability 全民性、稳定性、能产性、多义性、可搭配性 但是，数词、代词、助动词、介词、连词等并不具备全部五种特征。 Though numerals and pronouns enjoy nation-wide use, they are semantically monosemous, with low productivity and collocability. 不属于基本词汇的7种词（words do not belong to the common core of the language）（p14）: terminology术语 jargon行话 slang俚语 argot黑话 dialectal words方言词 archaisms古语词 neologisms新词语 根据概念（notional）标准，英语词汇可以划分为内容词和功能词。 1.5.2 Content words and Functional words 实义词Content words denote clear notions（表示明确的概念）, thus are also known as notional words. They include: nouns, verbs, adj, adv., num. 特点Characteristics of Content words: 是词汇的主体、数量庞大、不断增长continuously increasing in number 功能词Functional words 定义do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called empty words (虚词）. 主要功能: express the relation between notions, the relation between words and sentences. Also called form words. 特征：稳定、数量少。 范围：They include prep. Conj., auxiliaries, articles, etc. 根据词汇的来源（origin）划分，英语词汇分为本族词和借词（外来词）： 1.5.3 Native words and borrowed words P17 Native words are words brought to Britain in the 5th century by the German tribes. Characteristics of native words: 除了全民性、稳定性、能产性、多义性、可搭配性外，还有两个特征： （1）neutral in style, i.e., not stylistically specific; neither formal nor informal （2）frequent in use. Borrowed words/ loan words/ borrowings are words taken over from foreign languages. English is a heavy borrower. English b