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(财政学罗森第九版英文课件)Chap022Public Finance in a Federal System教学讲义.ppt
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 22-* CHAPTER 22 Public Finance in a Federal System Copyright ? 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Background Federal system Fiscal federalism Centralization Centralization ratio = Central government expenditures Total government expenditures Distribution of All U.S. Expenditures by Government Level Community Formation Club – voluntary association of people who band together to finance and share some benefit Optimal Club (or community) The Tiebout Model Voting with your feet Tiebout’s assumptions Government activities generate no externalities Individuals are completely mobile People have perfect information with respect to each community’s public services and taxes There are enough different communities so that each individual can find one with public services meeting her demands The cost per unit of public services is constant so that if the quantity of public services doubles, the total cost also doubles Public services are financed by a proportional property tax Communities can enact exclusionary zoning laws—statutes that prohibit certain uses of land Disadvantages of a Decentralized System Efficiency issues Externalities Local public good Scale economies in provision of public goods Inefficient tax systems Scale economies in tax collection Equity issues Advantages of a Decentralized System Tailoring outputs to local taxes Fostering intergovernmental competition Experimentation and information in locally provided goods and services Implications Purely decentralized systems cannot maximize social welfare Dealing with community activities that create spillover effects that are not national in scope Combine communities under a single regional government Pigouvian taxes and subsidies Division of responsibility in public good provision Distributional goals and mobility Public Education in a Federal System Local control of schools Financing education through property taxation Feder
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