颗粒物质导电特性分析-analysis of conductive characteristics of particulate matter.docxVIP

摘要颗粒物质随处可见，与人们的日常生活息息相关，但它不属于人类所熟知的物 质类型之一，例如固体，液体，气体。颗粒物质是指大量固体颗粒（直径大于 100 微米）的集合体，表现出与普通物质不同的行为，很多现象目前还不能用一个统一 的理论来描述。由于颗粒物质在人类的生产生活中扮演着十分重要的角色，其现象 涉及到各个领域，如自然灾害中的山体滑坡、沙尘暴，日常生活中的粮仓效应、交 通堵塞等，因此颗粒物质的研究有重要的意义。对颗粒物质的力学性质，工程和物理学界已进行了较多研究，而对颗粒物质的 导电特性，目前的研究较少。颗粒物质导电特性的研究处在一个新兴的阶段，其导 电机理还没有完全解释清楚。颗粒物质的导电特性不仅与单个颗粒本身的导电性质 有关，还与颗粒体系内部颗粒之间的相互接触与相互作用有关，因此颗粒物质的导 电特性与颗粒物质的力学性质密切相关。因此，探讨颗粒物质的力学性质和导电特 性是必要的。在本文的工作中，测量了外部扰动下导电颗粒堆的电阻，实验结果显示，冲击 扰动，颗粒堆的厚度，以及加载压力对颗粒堆的电阻有重要影响。实验发现颗粒堆 受到冲击扰动后其电阻以指数的形式恢复平稳。颗粒堆的电阻与颗粒堆的厚度呈线 性增长的关系，当外加恒定加载时，线性指数与加载之间呈现复杂函数关系。对颗 粒堆进行连续加载时，颗粒堆的电阻与加载压力之间满足负幂率关系，其中幂指数 b 随颗粒堆厚度的增加而减小。分析了颗粒堆电阻的变化与颗粒堆内部力链和结构 的变化关系，为颗粒物质内部力链重组、应力传播、导电机制提供了一些线索。关键词：颗粒物质；导电特性；冲击扰动；加载；幂率关系AbstractGranular materials are everywhere and in close relation to people’s daily life. However, granular materials are not one of the materials that we are quite familiar with， such as solids，liquids，and gases. Granular materials are an aggregation of a host of solidparticles that can move independently, and exhibit behaviors different from those of normal materials. Granular materials play an important role in people’s daily lives，and their phenomenons touch upon various fields，such as landslide、sandstorm in natural disasters，silo effect、traffic jam in social life，which makes the study of granularimportant.The mechanical properties of granular materials have been extensively studied in the communities of engineering and physics. The study of the electrical conductivity of granular material is in an emerging stage, and the conductive mechanism hasn’t been explained completely. The electrical conductivity of a granular system depends not only on the property of each individual particle but also on the contacting and mutual interaction of them. Therefore, understanding the relationship between the mechanical and conductive properties of granular materials is necessary.In this work, the electrical resistance of piled conductive grains is investigated by applying external disturbing. Our experiments sho