民事执行案外人异议的实务问题分析-analysis on practical problems of outsiders objection in civil execution cases.docxVIP
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民事执行案外人异议的实务问题分析-analysis on practical problems of outsiders objection in civil execution cases
摘要摘要民事执行案外人异议是民事执行救济的一种重要途径,2008 年开始实施的修改后的《民事诉讼法》,对民事执行制度进行了系统而科学的修改与完善,其中在执行救济方 面明确规定了案外人异议制度,主要体现在《民事诉讼法》的第 204 条,根据该法条的 规定“案外人异议”可理解为,在民事执行过程中,案外人对已被执行法院采取执行措 施的标的物主张享有权利,向法院提出异议,并要求执行法院撤销对该执行标的物的强 制执行措施。案外人异议对于维护案外人的合法权利,保证执法公正以及民事执行活动顺利进行 均起着至关重要的作用。我国《民事诉讼法》及相关司法解释在赋予案外人对执行标的 提出异议的同时,也对案外人异议的提起规定了严格的限制条件,如提出异议的主体只 能是执行当事人以外的人,理由须为对执行标的主张自己的权利,提出异议的时间为执 行程序终结前,符合书面异议的法定形式。然而由于法律规定过于片面概括,该制度在实践操作中出现了许多问题,没有发挥 出执行制度应有的矫正和保护作用。其中包括,案外人异议审查主体的规定不合理,审 查机构审查范围不统一,案外人异议的司法运行缺乏程序上的保障,执行员的权力范围 界限不清等问题。究其原因既包括立法本身的缺陷,如法律用语不严谨,混淆法律概念, 案外人异议的适用范围和审理程序的后果不明确;也包括司法运行中的缺陷,如缺乏对 执行员的约束和监督,法院自身工作源头上不到位等。针对我国案外人异议实践中存在的的缺陷和不足,我们应遵循一定的指导思想同时 采取适当的措施,不断完善我国案外人异议制度,譬如合理配置执行审查机构的职能, 完善规范案外人异议之诉的审判程序,明确案外人滥用异议的承担的法律后果,统一规 定审查机构的审查范围及审查案外人异议的主体,充分发挥上级法院在案外人异议的这 一执行救济中的功能和作用等等。关键词 民事执行 执行救济 执行实务 案外人异议 异议之诉AbstractAbstractCivilian implementation of the civilian implementation of the Third Party dissent is an important means of relief, the changes introduced in 2008 after the Civil Law, on the civilian implementation of the system in a systematic and scientific change and improvement, which clearly states in the implementation of relief the Third Party opposition systems, mainly in the Civil Law Section 204, the provisions under the Act of Third Party dissent may be understood as, in the process of civil execution, the Third Party has been executed on the court to take enforcement measures rights of the subject matter of claims, objections to the court and requested the Executive to change the implementation of the court to revoke the subject matter of the enforcement measures.Third Party Third Party objections to the maintenance of the legitimate rights of enforcement to ensure fair and smooth conduct of all civilian implementation plays a vital role. Chinas Civil Law and relevant judicial interpretation given to the Third Party for the implementation of the subject in dispute, but also the provisions of the Third Party filed objections to the strict restrictions, such as the main
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