凝视下的占有,权力与爱《独角兽》的后心理分析解读-post - psychological analysis of possession, power and love in the unicorn.docxVIP
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凝视下的占有,权力与爱《独角兽》的后心理分析解读-post - psychological analysis of possession, power and love in the unicorn
摘要艾丽丝?默多克(1919,7-1999,2),英国小说家,哲学家,出生于爱尔兰,闻名于其以善和恶,两性关系,道德,无意识的权力等政治和社会问题为主题的小说。其小说情节错综复杂、人物关系多变、充满丰富想象力和细致的描写并多涉及道德主题,她的作品同时将神话和日常生活融为一体,小说《独角兽》就是其中典范之一,独角兽,是传说中一种象征美和纯洁的吉祥物,它头和身似马,后腿似牡鹿,尾巴似狮子,前额中部有一螺旋状的独角。在小说中独角兽被外化为主人公汉娜,一个美丽,超然,默默承受苦难,不予任何反抗的囚犯。她成为了当地人们眼中的一个传说。汉娜不同寻常的经历使得她周围的人渐渐对她涂上一层谜一样的色彩,尤其是玛丽安和艾菲汉,甚至在不知不觉中被占据了自己的想象空间。在他们的凝视下,根据各自的想象和心理需要把汉娜塑造成独角兽,上帝,替罪羊,完美无缺的爱的对象,甚至是浪漫的传说。但是在默多克笔下的汉娜并非是这样的,她不爱她的丈夫彼特,她与邻居列殊.麦克斯的儿子皮普私通,被丈夫发现后于悬崖争吵时把丈夫推下悬崖摔至残废,以致被他囚禁盖茨堡七年。作为被看的客体和供人消费的观赏物,汉娜也用反凝视者的角色在一点一点地做着反抗。她拒绝跟艾菲汉和玛丽安逃离盖茨堡,温柔而直接地告诉艾菲汉他们之间不可能有男女之爱。当玛丽安说大家都爱她时,她反驳道那不是真正的爱,他们从未爱过她。当皮普来要汉娜跟他离开,汉娜愤怒而绝情地斥责他七年的袖手旁观、无所行动,他没资格和权力爱她并带走她。最终,汉娜开枪打死了一直替她丈夫监管的管家杰拉尔德,然后跳崖自杀,把所有财产留给毫无关系的老麦克斯。汉娜用自己的方式对所有凝视者进行了反抗,走出了独角兽美丽圣洁的光圈,以死亡的形式获得了真正的自由。本文以福柯关于凝视的权力机制的论述为理论依据,从后心理分析解读默多克的小说《独角兽》,对小说中凝视者与被凝视者汉娜的关系进行了具体论述。希望从凝视与权力的关系的角度对默多克的作品《独角兽》进行新的认知,更深刻地理解在他者的凝视下所产生的权力对被凝视者的影响力,并从默多克的道德哲学观来分析小说主人公汉娜及其对爱与自由的理解与追求。关键字:凝视,反凝视,他者,汉娜,凝视的权力AbstractIrisMurdoch(1919,7-1999,2)wasaBritishnovelistandphilosopher,whowasIrish-bornandbestknownforhernovelsaboutpoliticalandsocialquestionsofgoodandevil,sexualrelationships,morality,andthepoweroftheunconscious.TheplotsofMurdochsnovelsareintricate,therelationshipsofthecharactersarecomplexandherworksarefullofimaginationandmeticulousdescriptionwhichinvolvemoraltheme.Atthesametime,herworksarefusedwithmythsanddailylivestogether,thenovel―TheUnicornisoneofthemodel.Unicornisalegendarymascotwhichsymbolsbeautyandpurity,whoseheadandbodylikeahorse,hindlegslikeastag,taillikesalion,onthecentralforeheadisaspiralhorn.Inthenoveltheunicornismeltedintotheprotagonist--Hannah,abeautiful,detachedlady,whobearsallthesufferingsilently,andasaprisonerdoesnottodoanyresistant.Shebecomesalegendintheeyesofthelocalpeople.TheunusualexperienceofHannahmakesthepeoplearoundhergraduallycoatedherwithalayerofriddlingcolor.EspeciallyMarian.TayloyandEffingham.Cooper,whoareothertwoveryimportantpersonsinthenovel,areevenoccupiedintheirimaginationunconsciously.Undertheirgaze,accordingtotheirimaginationandpsychologi
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