太阳能照明系统铅酸蓄电池设计手册(英文版).pdf

Battery Guide for Small Stand Alone PV Systems. IEA PVPS Task III 991223 1 (33) Lead-Acid Battery Guide for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems IEA Task III Report IEA-PVPS 3-06:1999 December 1999 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Battery Guide for Small Stand Alone PV Systems. IEA PVPS Task III 991223 2 (33) CONTENTS FOREWORD 5 SUMMARY 6 1. INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Solar energy 7 1.2 Sun power into electricity 7 1.3 Lead-acid batteries all over the world 7 2. THE BATTERY - A ”CONTAINER” FOR ELECTRICITY 9 3. A CLOSER LOOK INSIDE A LEAD-ACID BATTERY 10 3.1 Positive electrode design 10 3.2 Negative electrode designs 10 3.3 Electrolyte 11 3.4 Cell cases made of moulded plastics 12 3.5 Battery boxes for small systems 12 3.5 Standardised terminals and connectors 12 4. WHAT TYPE OF BATTERY SHOULD BE CHOSEN? 13 5. BATTERY VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS 15 5.1 The higher the discharge rate - the lower the battery voltage 15 5.2 Higher voltage with series connection 15 6. BATTERY CAPACITY - THE AMOUNT OF ELECTRICITY STORED 16 6.1 Capacity can differ from battery to battery 16 6.2 Design your system based on 80% of nominal battery capacity 16 6.3 How to size the battery for a certain system and load. 17 6.3 Higher capacity with parallel connection 18 6.4 Capacity will increase slightly in the beginning of operation 18 6.5 Temperature effect on capacity 18 7. CHARGING FILLS YOUR ENERGY STORAGE 20 7.1 Different steps in the battery charging procedure 20 7.2 Always use a good PV charge controller 21 8. YOUR BATTERY IS A SMALL POWER STATION 22 _________________________________________