第一篇 章 光学导论 物理光学课件.ppt

五、球面波和柱面波 1、球面波：任意时刻波振面为球面的光波 ?公式 ?公式的意义 2、柱面波 （具有无限长圆柱波面的波，一般由线光源产生） ?公式 ?公式的意义 Concept 1. Amplitude, A, is the height of the wave above the axis of propagation. The energy of the light is proportional to the square of the amplitude. 2. Wavelength, ?, is the distance between consecutive equivalent points on the wave. 3. Frequency, ?, is the number of oscillations per second. Concept 4. Period, T, is the time it takes a point on the wave to make on complete oscillation. Period and frequency are reciprocal to one another. 5. The velocity of propagation, v, of a wave is the product of wavelength and frequency; 本课内容回顾 1、麦克斯韦方程组 2、物质方程 3、波动方程 4、电磁波的平面波解（平面波、简谐波解的形式和意义，物理量的关系，电磁波的性质） 5、球面波和柱面波（定义、方程表达式） Homework 1. A particle is in simple harmonic motion with a period of 3s and an amplitude of 6 cm. One-half second after the particle has passed through its equilibrium position, what is: 1) Its displacement? 2) Its velocity? 3) Its acceleration? Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879). Scottish mathematician and physicist. At age 15, he presented a paper before the Royal Society, at 16, became interested in optics when he had the chance of visiting Nicol, who gave him a pair of polarizing prisms. In 1864, he read a paper before the Royal Society, published a year later: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field”. He says that “Light itself is an electromagnetic disturbance in the form of waves propagated through the electromagnetic field according to electromagnetic laws.” Hertz Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1874-1937), German physicist, in 1887, found the waves predicted by Maxwell 22 years ago. Simple Harmonic Wave If the wave follows a sine function or a cosine function, and the waveform therefore is either sinusoidal or cosinusoidal, it is called a simple harmonic wave. 第四节 光波的叠加 (Superposition of waves)  2、波的叠加原理： 几个波在相遇点产生的合振动是各个在该点产生振动的矢量和。（p201) 1、波的叠加现象 一、波的叠加原理 * * 满眼生机转化钧， 天工人巧日争新。 预支五百年新意， 过了千年又觉陈。