雪茄形铷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中单极子模朗道阻尼和频移-landau damping and frequency shift of monopole modes in bose-einstein condensation of cigar-shaped rubidium atoms.docxVIP
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雪茄形铷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中单极子模朗道阻尼和频移-landau damping and frequency shift of monopole modes in bose-einstein condensation of cigar-shaped rubidium atoms
摘要玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(Bose-EinsteinCondensate,BEC)是近年来被人们关注的物理学前沿研究方向。它不仅为研究凝聚体和量子多体理论提供了宏观体系,而且在原子激光、精确测量、量子通信和量子信息处理等领域都有广阔的运用前景。元激发是统计和凝聚态物理学研究的基本内容之一,集体激发又是BEC中最基本的激发模式。粒子间相互作用不仅导致集体激发的能级移动(称为频移),而且使集体激发的振幅衰减(称为阻尼)。囚禁势中玻色子气体的集体激发振幅随时间衰减主要通过Landau阻尼机制,即一个准粒子吸收集体模产生一个新的准粒子。Landau阻尼的精确计算可解释许多实验现象,检测和发展凝聚体系的量子多体理论。尽管世界上许多著名的实验室和理论研究小组对囚禁BEC中集体激发的Landau阻尼进行了大量研究,但是,由于研究问题的复杂性,迄今为止对现有的诸多实验结果仍然没有满意的理论解释。尽管频移是阻尼相伴的物理现象,但在囚禁BEC朗道阻尼的研究中,未见频移的计算。我们采用Hartree-Fock-Bogiliubov(HFB)平均场理论研究雪茄形铷原子BEC中单极子模的朗道阻尼和频移,与以前的通常方法不同,我们在能量改变公式的应用中通过考虑元激发的实际弛豫及其各弛豫间的正交关系改进原有方法,并由此给出计算朗道阻尼和频移的新公式。此外,令凝聚体边界处动能密度为零代替令基态能量极小以改进原消除三模耦合矩阵元的方法。通过这些改进,同时计算阻尼和频移,并讨论它们的温度依赖,所得理论结果都与实验符合。关键词:玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚;朗道阻尼和频移;哈特里-福克-博戈留波夫近似;托马斯-费米近似;弛豫及其正交关系AbstractBose-Einsteincondensate(Bose-Einsteincondensate,BEC)isaFrontierresearchdirectioninphysicsconcernedbypeopleinrecentyears.Itprovidesnotonlyamacrosystemtostudycondensedmatterandquantummany-bodytheorybutalsoawideapplicationprospectsinthefieldofatomlaser,precisionmeasurement,quantumcommunicationandquantuminformationprocessing.Theresearchofelementaryexcitationsisoneofthebasictopicsinstatisticalphysicsandcondensedmatterphysics,andthecollectiveexcitationsarethemostbasicexcitationmodesinBEC.Theinter-particleinteractionresultsinnotonlyenergy-levelshiftsofcollectiveexcitations(calledasfrequency-shift)butalsothedecayoftheiramplitudes(calledasdamping).ThecollectiveexcitationamplitudeofbosongasesintrappedpotentialdecaywithtimemainlythroughthemechanicsofLandaudamping,thatis,aquasi-particleabsorbsacollectivemodeandthengenerateanewquasi-particle.TheprecisioncalculationofLandaudampingmaybeusedtoexplainmanyexperimentalphenomena,testanddevelopthequantummany-bodytheoryforcondensedmatter.AlthoughthereexistsalotofstudiesontheLandaudampingofcollectiveexcitationsintrappedBECmadebymanyfamouslaboratoriesandtheoreticalgroupsintheworld,theexperimentalphenomenonofdampingarenotyetwellunderstoodtheoreticallyuptonowduetothecomplexityofresearchissues.Althoughthedampingisaccompaniedbythefrequency-shif
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