第三部分修辞.pptVIP

十五. 渐降法（Anticlimax） 定义：An abrupt shift from a noble tone to a less exalted one─often for comic ettect. 渐降法是指与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列 。 十六. 双关（Pun） 定义：A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words. 双关就是指用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.例如： 十七. 排比, 平行(Parallelism) 定义：Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words,phrases,or clauses. 排比是指把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如: 十八.通感,联觉,移觉（Synaesthesia） 定义：The description of one kind of sense impression by using words that normally describe another. 通感是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理准备。例如： 十九. 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）（ Allegory） 定义：A literary, dramatic, or pictorial device in which characters and events stand for abstract ideas, principles, or forces, so that the literal sense has or suggests a parallel, deeper symbolic sense. 讽喻是一种文学、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则和支配力，从而使表面含义含有或表达一种对等的，但更深刻的象征意义。 ??????? 表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑 二十.换称（Antonomasia） 定义：A figure of speech that involves the use of an epithet or title in place of a name, and also the use of a proper name in place of a common noun. 换称是用头衔、称号和称号等代替姓名或称谓，或用专有名词代替普通名词的修辞手法。例如： 二十一.低调陈述（Understatement） 定义：It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. 低调陈述也叫“含蓄陈诉”，是与夸张法对应的一种辞格。其表现形式主要有两种： Exercises: 1. Shanghai is the New York of China. 2. We must all hang together, or we shall be all hanged separately. 3. No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy. Answers: 1. Antonomasia 2. Pun 3. Parallelism 4. Allegory 5. Synesthesia 6. Anticlimax 7. Understatement * 例如: 1.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his f