英语词汇学课件_Unit_7.pptVIP

UNIT 7 SENSE RELATIONS(II) Contents Discussion “peel” “skin”: synonyms or antonyms? You have to peel a raw potato but you can skin a boiled one. He’s no statesman, but a mere politician. 7.1 Synonymy synonym 7.1.1 Definition synonymy: the relation between two lexical units with a shared meaning. synonym: A word that is equivalent in sense to another word (in a particular context or contexts) E.g. select/choose Will you help me choose a new suit? I don’t choose to wait. 7.1.2 Classification perfect/absolute synonyms Partial/relative synonyms 同义关系不仅存在于单个词之间，还可能存在于成语之间 decide to/make up one’s mind to/be determined to 7.1.3 Source of synonyms 部分是固有的，主要来自借词 loan words: depart-leave dialect: railway – railroad euphemism or metaphor: occupation- walk of life lie – distort the fact idiom: win – get the upper hand over 7.1.4 Differentiation denotative/conceptual meaning extend, increase, expand rich, wealthy; want, desire associative meaning answer / respond cop / policeman He is one of the greatest/biggest lyric poets in the world. Look at that lovely little/small/tiny boy. 7.1.5 Lexical variation and malapropism Lexical variation: 有两个读音和拼写上都稍有不同的形式，但在词义和用法上毫无区别，完全是同一个词。 E.g. despatch (BrE) / dispatch (AmE) color/colour Malapropism: an inappropriate word, used because of its similarities in sound to the intended word. (Use of a word in error in place of one that sounds like it.) E.g. It’s a strange receptacle/spectacle. Ex. P175 Ex1-A 7.2 Antonymy antonym 7.2.1 Definition antonymy: the relation between words that have opposite meanings. antonym: A word that is opposite in meaning to another word E.g. rich/poor, big/small, husband/wife 7.2.2 Classification complementaries / contradictory terms male / female ; married / unmarried locked / unlocked; true / false gradable antonyms / contrary terms big / small, cold / hot --- ‘very