寓文化因素教学于语言教学之中——以《80年代的婚礼》为例的教学设计-integrating cultural factors into language teaching - teaching design taking wedding in 1980s as an example.docxVIP

摘要对外汉语教学是以其他语言为母语的国家或民族的人作为教授对象的一种汉语语言 教学。对外汉语教学教授的是汉语言的语音、词汇、语法、修辞及其内在的组织原则和运 用规律，以培养汉语学习者听说读写的基本技能，从而培养汉语学习者进行跨文化交际的 能力。但语言究其本质来讲是一种文化现象，是文化的载体，是文化的表现形式，而文化 影响着语言，语言教学与文化因素教学相互依存，密不可分。对外汉语教学不仅是语言知 识和基本技能的学习过程，也是多元文化相互碰撞与交流的过程，因此，在对外汉语教学 中，文化因素的传授与解读应贯穿于教学过程的始终。教师是实施课堂教学的关键因素， 针对以上分析，教师应该调整和重塑教学理念，遵循语言与文化不可分割的教学思想，在 对学生传授语言知识的同时，不要忽视相关文化知识的导入与渗透，让汉语学习者在不断 提升语言交际技能的同时更加深入、全面地领略、接触、感知、学习中国丰富多彩、博大 精深的文化知识，也有助于促进中西方文化的互补，减少交流时的矛盾和冲突，进而推动 跨文化交际的顺利进行。文化因素教学是对外汉语教学中不容忽视的重要组成部分，而婚俗文化是文化因素教 学的重要学习内容。婚俗文化即以人们的恋爱和嫁娶为中心形成的文化现象。在精读课的 教学设计中，本设计选用《拾级汉语·第 9 级·精读课本》中的第 6 课《80 年代的婚礼》 做一个教案设计，目的是以此课文的教案为例，具体展示在对外汉语教学中如何将婚俗文 化知识的讲授寓于语言教学中。本设计在充分讲解重点生词、语法句式、文章段落的基础 上，对学生进行中国婚俗文化知识的输入，同时对比分析中西婚俗文化差异后，更深入地 剖析、归纳出中西文化差异背后所隐藏的根源所在，再此过程中有意识地引导学生通过搜 集资料、自主探究、勇于展示、积极发言等方式提高学习汉语语言、汉语文化的兴趣，进 而提高其汉语交际运用能力。关键词：对外汉语,语言教学,文化因素教学,教学设计,婚礼习俗IAbstractTeaching Chinese as a second language is a Chinese language teaching and its teaching objects are people of different nations whose mother languages are not Chinese. Teaching Chinese as a second language teaches Chinese phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, rhetoric and its inner organization principles and rules of use, to train the Chinese learners’ basic skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing so as to cultivate their ability to cross-cultural communication. But the language in its essence is a kind of cultural phenomenon, the carrier of culture, the manifestation of culture, and culture influences the language, language teaching and culture teaching are interdependent, inseparable. Teaching Chinese as a second language is not only a learning process of language knowledge and basic skills, but also a process of multiculture collides and exchange with each other, therefore, in the teaching process of teaching Chinese as a second language, the cultural factors of imparting and interpretation should be consistently throughout the teaching process. Teachers is the key factor in classroom teaching, according to the above analysis, the teachers should ad