2017年细菌对抗菌药物耐药机制研究进展回顾.docVIP

? ? ? ?2017年细菌对抗菌药物耐药机制研究进展回顾 【摘要】 细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性机制是生物医药研究的重要领域。2017年抗菌药物耐药机制研究在多方面有重要的发现，如对细菌药物主动外排泵的药物转运结构机制的深入了解及发现新的药物泵或新的泵调控表达机制，发现了喹诺酮类药物修饰酶、质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药性在世界范围内的出现，对金葡菌耐药机制的进一步认识与发现新型抗多重耐药革兰阳性球菌的platen?simyc?in，鲍曼不动杆菌基因多重耐药岛的发现，新型β内酰胺酶的继续出现以及超广谱β内酰胺酶开始从食用动物或宠物分离的细菌中证实。本文还讨论了2017年中国细菌耐药机制研究的一些重要结果。这些研究成果继续提示细菌对不同抗菌药物的多种耐药保护机制及细菌本身基因结构的多样性与可移动性使其能进化产生新的耐药机制以适应抗菌药物的作用。严谨合理地应用抗菌药物以最大限度地减少细菌耐药性发生及传播和延长抗菌药物的疗效周期是人类所面临的长期挑战。 ? ? 【关键词】 耐药机制 多重耐药性 外排泵 qnr质粒 喹诺酮修饰酶 β内酰胺酶 Plat?ensim?ycin ?Progr?ess i?n stu?dying? mech?anism?s of ?antim?icrob?ial r?esist?ance ?ABSTR?ACT S?tudie?s on ?mecha?nisms? of a?ntimi?crobi?al re?sista?nce i?n bac?teria? cont?inue ?to be? a ke?y are?a in ?biome?dical? scie?nces.? This? has ?been ?demon?strat?ed in? the ?advan?ces a?chiev?ed in? 2017?, whi?ch ar?e att?ribut?ed, f?or ex?ample?, to ?the f?ollow?ing a?spect?s: st?ructu?ral e?lucid?ation? of t?he tr?anspo?rt me?chani?sms o?f mul?tidru?g res?istan?ce tr?anspo?rters? with? iden?tific?ation? of n?ovel ?drug ?efflu?x pum?ps or? of n?ovel ?regul?atory? mech?anism?s of ?drug ?pumps?, dis?cover?y of ?a qui?nolon?emod?ifyin?g enz?yme, ?the w?orldw?ide e?merge?nce o?f pla?smid?media?ted q?uinol?one r?esist?ance,? furt?her u?nders?tandi?ng of? stap?hyloc?occal? resi?stanc?e and? the ?disco?very ?of pl?atens?imyci?n act?ive a?gains?t mul?tidru?g res?istan?t gra?mpos?itive? cocc?i, id?entif?icati?on of? a re?sista?nce g?enomi?c isl?and i?n Aci?netob?acter? baum?annii?, cha?racte?rizat?ion o?f nov?el β?lacta?mases?, and? emer?gence? of e?xtend?edsp?ectru?m βl?actam?ases ?in an?imal?deriv?ed ba?cteri?a. Ke?y obs?ervat?ions ?from ?the s?tudie?s in ?2017 ?in Ch?ina a?re al?so de?scrib?ed. T?he re?sults? pres?ented? cont?inue ?to de?monst?rate ?the e?volut?ionar?y cap?abili?ty of? bact?eria ?in th?eir a?dapta?tion ?to va?rious? anti?micro?bials? via ?diver?se an?d mob?ile g?eneti?c ele?ments?. Pru?dent ?use o?f ant?imicr?obial? drug?s for? mini?mizin?g the? furt?her e?merge?nce a?