治理理念视角下非政府组织与政府关系研究——以上海市阳光社区青少年事务中心为例-research on the relationship between non-governmental organizations and the government from the perspective of governance concept - taking shanghai sunshine community youth affairs ce.docxVIP
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治理理念视角下非政府组织与政府关系研究——以上海市阳光社区青少年事务中心为例-research on the relationship between non-governmental organizations and the government from the perspective of governance concept - taking shanghai sunshine community youth affairs ce
在中国特色社会主义市场经济体制的现实土壤中成长起来的非政府组织具有鲜明的中国特色,笔者以上海阳光社区青少年事务中心为例展开研究,归纳出当前我国非政府组织所具有的显著特性:一是政府主导非政府组织的生成和发展,二是非政府组织具有“官民二重性”的结构模式。纵观国内外非政府组织与政府关系发展历史及现状,可将政府与非政府组织关系类型分为三种,分别是对立“零和”型、互不干涉型和合作互补型。根据我国政府和非政府组织的现状,笔者认为,当前我国政府与非政府组织构建良性互动的合作伙伴关系具有坚实的理论和现实基础。因为随着政府职能转变的不断深化,政府所让渡出来的职能需要有相关的治理主体承担,而当前我国的非政府自身发展相对不足,且政府社会资源的占据和分配当中处于绝对优势地位,此外,非政府组织与政府具有相同的宗旨、互补的职能以及良好的合作历史。对于如何构建我国政府与非政府组织合作伙伴关系,本文分别从政府和非政府组织两个维度进行了探讨。政府应该提供制度支持,创造良好发展环境,包括完善法律政策、完善资金支持体系、强化竞争。非政府组织自身应加强组织建设,增强自身能力,着力点在于明确组织使命、完善自律机制以及强化筹资能力。关键词:治理,非政府组织,合作伙伴IITHESTUDYONTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENGOVERMANTANDNON-GOVERMANTALORGANIZATIONSFROMGOVERNANCETHEOTYANGLE—TAKINGSHANGHAISUNSHINECOMMUNITY-YOUTHAFFAIRSCENTREASTHEEXAMPLEABSTRACTAlongwiththecontinuousdeepeningofreformandopeningup,China’ssocialistmarketeconomicsystemisgraduallyperfectingitself.Thefunctionsofourgovernmentcontinuetobeadjustedandoptimized.Atthesametime,publicmanagementandserviceconceptsandmodelshavebeentransformedcorrespondingly.ThegovernancephilosophyoriginallyproposedbyWesternscholarsisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinChina.Theriseofgovernancephilosophyderivedfromtheacademiccirclesofwesternworldthatsawthemarketfailureandthegovernment’sfailureintheallocationofsocialresources.Thescholarshopedthattheycouldfindanotherwayfromoutsidethemarketandgovernmenttoaddresstheissuesofoptimalallocationofresourcesbystudyingthegovernancephilosophy.Thegovernancephilosophyemphasizesthemulti-governance,limitedgovernance,flexiblegovernanceandharmoniousgovernance.Itessentiallybreaksthetraditionaldichotomythinkingmodebetweenmarketandeconomy,publicsphereandprivatesphere,politicalstateandcivilsociety,takingtheeffectivemanagementasacooperativeinteractionbetweenthetwoandtryingtoestablishanewparadigmforpublicadministration.Non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)arethecivilsocietyorganizationsariseninlatetwentiethcentury.Asaninstitutionalinnovation,NGOsprovideanewpossibilitytoaddressmarketfailureandgovernmentfailure.Asanimportantpartandthegovernancesubjectofcivilsociety,NGOsareplay
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