01 蓼科[宝典].ppt

被子植物 Anogiospermae; 双子叶植物纲 单子叶植物纲根系 直根系 须根系茎 维管束环状排列 维管束散生排列 有形成层有髓射线 无形成层无髓射线叶 网状叶脉 平行叶脉花 5或4基数 3基数种子 2枚子叶 1枚子叶;双子叶植物胚乳种子;单子叶植物胚乳种子;蓼 科 Polygonaceae;花被片3~6个，花瓣状，宿存； 雄蕊8，少6或9个，常与花被片对生。;穗 状 花 序;总状花序;何首乌 Radix Polygoni Multiflori;多年生缠绕草本；根末端肥大呈不整齐块状，红褐色。叶互生，具长柄；叶片心脏形，全缘，表面光滑无毛；托叶鞘膜质。圆锥花序顶生或腋生，花小而密，白色。花被绿白色具三翅。瘦果椭圆形，有三棱。;巡瘩多腥梧添惰袍轴框札淫娘聂喉刹钠持厚朝坤性槛丈驾稿卖责讲纠恩尔01 蓼科01 蓼科;[采制] 秋季采挖块根，洗净，切去两端，大的块根可再对半剖开，或切片晒干为生首乌 用黑豆汁拌匀，炖或蒸制成制首乌。 [产销] 主产于河南、湖北、广西、广东，销全国 ;;国拙酗租椒叫瓮匪贫逆仅读昧嘱壹三每拔崩告镶酮佛缆娘有向每限烟舀姚01 蓼科01 蓼科;块根横切面：木栓层为数列细胞，充满红棕色物。韧皮部较宽广，环形排列异型维管束4-11个，外韧型，导管稀少。中柱形成层成环，木质部导管较少，有少数木纤维，根中心部位导管较多，射线宽。薄壁细胞含草酸钙簇晶，并含淀粉粒。;异型维管束;根横切面 韧皮部较宽，异型维管束4～11个环列，外韧型。;粉末 黄棕色 1.草酸钙簇晶较多。 2.淀粉粒众多，单粒类球形，脐点明显；复粒2～9分粒。 3.木栓细胞呈类多角形。 4.导管主为具缘纹孔导管， 具缘纹孔细密。 此外有木纤维、棕色块。;1．含卵磷脂（lecithin）约3.7％。 2．含蒽醌类化合物约1.1％，主要为大黄酚、大黄素，其次为大黄酸、大黄素甲醚等。 3．茋类。 4．儿茶精类;‘Lecithin’ is usually used as synonym for phosphatidylcholine (PC), which is the major component of a phosphatide fraction which is frequently isolated from either egg yolk (Greek ‘ é ’), or soya beans and is commercially available in high purity. Isolation and purification of lecithins from different sources are described in Kuksis [1985] and Prosise [1985]. PC is a mixture of differently substituted sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylcholine backbones. As can be seen from Tab. 1, the structure of PC is variable and dependent on fatty acid substitution. In the sn-1-position, saturated acyl-groups, and in sn-2-position, unsaturated species are more common [Kuksis, 1985]. By dietetic means the fatty acid substitution of egg phospholipids can be altered in the sn-2-position [Hanahan, 1960]. Fatty acids of mainly 16-20 C in chain length dominate in egg PC. The sn-1-chain typically shows an average of 16?C, whereas the sn-2-chain shows an average of 18?C. Naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are almost entirely of all-cis-conforma