Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human High-Risk Plaque人高风险斑块的磁共振成像.pptVIP

UT Health Science Center Optical Topography: An overview What When Where Oxymetric Near Infrared Imaging Images higher order brain functions Developed by Hitachi Advanced Research Laboratory Already in clinical use in Japan. Features Small Easy to use Patient mobility Extended recordings Not noisy Aclaustrophobic “Real time” imaging Principle of OT system 1.5mW NIR laser diode illuminates head from optical fibers attached to headset. dmax ≈ 3cm Reflection (0.1%) Detection SNR 780nm 830nm Simultaneous position encoding by frequency modulation produces a better SNR than time-sharing and time-resolved methods. Optimal wavelength pair: 830/692 nm. Applicable to other molecular species Resolution Physiological Noise The presence of low frequency modulation of both vascular (Hb, HbO) and metabolic responses to visual stimuli with unknown origin have been observed. The cause of these low frequency oscillations are not exactly known but may be attributed to extra-cerebral activities such as respiration. One method of removing the low frequency artifact is to convolve the response signal with a model of stimulus signal. Both measure brain’s hemodynamic response Differences with fMRI In concept fMRI measures differences between the Fe content in blood based on the metal’s response to the magnetic field. OT relies on different light absorption characteristics of the two forms. In operation Lower spatial resolution than fMRI 2mm vs. 20mm Higher temporal resolution than fMRI 1 Sec vs. 1 mSec fMRI and OT can be complementary Can also be combined with structural imaging Current applications Developmental plasticity Neonatology (only functional imaging method) Neurosurgery Identifying the focus of epileptic seizures i.e. check for dominant hemisphere (e.g. Broca’s area) before removal of eliptogenic tissue Concluding remark * Nima Kasraie Spring 2007 Red Light Transmission 3cm ≈ dcortex Similarities with fMRI